氯酸钾对龙眼成花诱导期叶片和顶芽内源激素含量的影响  

Effects of KCl O_3 on Hormones Within Leaves and Apical Buds During Floral Induction Phase in Longan

作　　者：常强[1,2] 苏明华[1,2] 吴少华[2] 王伟[1,2] 李惠华[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省亚热带植物研究所,福建省亚热带植物生理生化公共实验室,福建厦门361006 [2]福建农林大学园艺学院,福州350002

出　　处：《园艺学报》2015年第2期332-340,共9页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：福建省星火科技重大项目(2001S003)

摘　　要：对中熟龙眼品种‘凤梨穗’施用氯酸钾(KCl O3)配合环割和拉枝措施,诱导其反季节成花,研究龙眼花芽诱导期叶片和顶芽间激素动态变化以及与成花状况之间的关系。结果表明:KCl O3提高了叶片中生长素(IAA)含量,降低了顶芽内含量,而KCl O3+拉枝处理的植株顶芽内IAA含量处于最低水平,且成花率最高,说明顶芽内低含量的IAA有利于成花;KCl O3配合环割和拉枝处理分别降低了顶芽内赤霉素(GA3)和脱落酸(ABA)的相对含量,与IAA类似,龙眼的花芽诱导同样需要一个低水平的GA3和ABA的条件;ZT含量变化与以上激素相反,KCl O3处理提高了龙眼花芽诱导期顶芽内玉米素(ZT)含量,降低了叶片中其含量,表明顶芽内ZT的增加可能是龙眼反季节成花的主要因素或信号物质,但3种处理的成花率与ZT含量水平并未呈正相关,说明细胞分裂素促进龙眼成花取决于其浓度或水平。Dimocrupus longan Lour.‘Fenglisui'(mid season cultivar)was employed as material for application of KCl O3 with girding and bending branch to induce off-season flowering. The dynamic changes of endogenous hormones and relationship between these changes and flowering status were investigated during floral bud differentiation. Auxin(IAA)contents in apical bud decreased while IAA contents in leaf increased in response to potassium chlorate treatment. IAA contents in apical bud with potassium chlorate treatment and branch bending treatment,possess the highest flowering rate treatment,were the lowest. This result indicated that low level of IAA in the apical bud was essential for longan flowering and that the application of potassium chlorate resulted in a decrease in IAA and thus promoted the flowering. Similar to the effects of potassium chlorate on IAA,gibberellins(GA3)and abscisic acid(ABA)content in the apical bud decreased in response to potassium chlorate application. This result suggested that consistent with IAA,low levels of GA and ABA in apical bud facilitated longan flowering. In contrast,zeatin(ZT)content in the flower bud of longan with potassium chlorate treatment increased during floral induction phase,but reduced in leaves. This indicated that the increase of ZT content in the terminal buds may be major factors or signal substance in off-season flower of longan. However,flowering rate in longan with three treatments and ZT content has not been positively correlated,suggested that cytokinins promoted flowering that depends on its optimum concentration or level.

关 键 词：龙眼 KClO3 成花诱导 激素 

分 类 号：S667.2[农业科学—果树学]