放线菌‘D74’对魔芋的防病促生作用  

Disease Prevention and Growth Promotion Effects of Actinomycete Strain D74 on Amorphophallus konjac

作　　者：何斐[1] 张忠良[2] 崔鸣 薛泉宏[5] 王东胜[5] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]陕西省安康市农业技术推广中心,陕西安康725000 [4]秦巴魔芋研究开发中心,陕西安康725000 [5]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《园艺学报》2015年第2期367-376,共10页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家林业局重点科技推广项目(2010-38);财政部农业科技体系建设项目(XTG2013-36);陕西省科学技术研究发展计划项目(2013K02-24)

摘　　要：根据供试放线菌‘D74’菌株的菌落形态特征及16S r RNA基因序列分析,确定其为娄彻氏链霉菌(Streptomyces rochei)。采用皿内拮抗试验研究表明,‘D74’对魔芋软腐病菌有较强的拮抗作用,拮抗圈直径为11.0~18.3 mm。用‘D74’无菌发酵滤液10倍稀释液处理甜瓜种子,其发芽率、简明活力指数、胚轴和胚根长度分别较对照增加34.9%、82.4%、66.4%和31.5%(P【0.05)。盆栽条件下,拌土单接菌剂D74和菌剂与病原菌混接处理对收获期魔芋的相对防效分别为100%和17.0%。菌剂D74在单接和混接条件下能提高盆栽魔芋叶片光合作用、叶片绿色度(SPAD)、生物量及产量,亦能改善魔芋球茎品质。田间小区试验条件下,菌剂D74穴施,魔芋叶片光合指标、生物量及产量较对照增加。研究表明,放线菌‘D74’对魔芋软腐病菌有较强抑制作用,‘D74’活菌制剂对魔芋有良好的防病促生效果,对魔芋品质也有显著的改善作用。Based on morphological characters and 16 S r RNA gene sequence,actinomycete strain D74 was identified as Streptomyces rochei. D74 showed antagonistic activity against soft rot pathogens in petri dish trials,and the diameter of growth inhibition zones ranged from 11.0 to 18.3 mm. Fermentation filtrate of D74(10-fold dilution)significantly increased germination rate,condensed vigor index,hypocotyl length,and radicle length of melon seeds by 34.9%,82.4%,66.4%,and 31.5%,respectively(P < 0.05). In the pot experiment,individual inoculation of D74 and combined inoculation of D74 with Pectobacterium chrysanthemi(a bacterial pathogen)respectively achieved 100% and 17.0% relative biocontrol effect on A.konjac during the harvest stage. Either individual or combined treatment with D74 improved photosynthetic rate,SPAD value,biomass,yield,and corm quality of A. konjac. In the plot experiment,hole application of D74 increased photosynthetic indexes,biomass,and yield of A. konjac compared with control. This study indicates that Streptomyces rochei D74 strongly inhibits the growth of soft rot pathogens. Its viable preparation(powder formulation)has a great effect on A. konjac regarding disease prevention and growth promotion,as well as corm quality improvement.

关 键 词：魔芋 软腐病 生防菌剂 娄彻氏链霉菌 

分 类 号：S436.32[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]