叶面肥对油茶容器苗叶片解剖结构和光合特性的影响  

Effect of foliar fertilizer on leaf anatomy structure and photosynthetic characteristics of Camellia oleifera container seedlings

作　　者：段文军[1,2] 沈雅飞[1] 曹志华[1] 束庆龙[1] 胡娟娟[3] 李春生[3] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学林学与园林学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091 [3]安徽省林业高科技开发中心,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第1期92-97,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：安徽省农业科技成果转化项目(1104a0303065);安徽省农转基金项目(12040302005)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同叶面肥对油茶容器苗生长发育的影响,为叶面肥在油茶苗木培育中的合理应用提供科学依据。【方法】以"凤阳1号"1年生油茶容器苗为试材,采用盆栽法,喷施不同的叶面肥(处理Ⅰ(尿素)、处理Ⅱ(海藻精华素)、处理Ⅲ(平衡型水溶肥料)和处理Ⅳ(磷酸二氢钾)),以喷清水为对照(CK),每隔15d喷施1次,连续喷施3次,第3次喷施后30d,分别测定油茶容器苗叶片解剖结构、光合色素含量、光合特性和比叶重等指标,比较不同叶面肥对油茶容器苗生长发育的影响。【结果】与对照相比,喷施不同叶面肥的4个处理均可增加叶片厚度,叶片上、下表皮厚度,栅栏组织厚度,栅栏/海绵组织和叶片结构紧密度,其中叶片厚度、叶片下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、栅栏/海绵组织和叶片结构紧密度均以处理Ⅱ最大,分别为552.33μm,28.51μm,248.92μm,1.12,45.07%,处理Ⅵ最小,分别为496.06μm,18.73μm,194.52μm,0.85,39.21%。叶绿素a+b含量和叶绿素b/a亦为处理Ⅱ最高(0.652mg/g和0.440),处理Ⅳ最低(0.543 mg/g和0.334);各处理的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Cs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、表观光能利用效率(LUE)和比叶重均有所增加,由高到低为处理Ⅱ>处理Ⅰ>处理Ⅲ>处理Ⅳ。【结论】4种叶面肥均可促进油茶苗木的生长,且以喷施海藻精华素的效果最佳。【Objective】The effect of different foliar fertilizers on growth and development of Camellia oleiferacontainer seedlings were studied to provide a scientific basis for its proper application in cultivation of C.oleiferaseedlings.【Method】'Fengyang 1'seedlings in pots were chosen as experimental materials,and different foliar fertilizers,treatmentⅠ(urea),treatmentⅡ(seaweed essence),treatmentⅢ(water soluble fertilizer of balance type)and treatmentⅣ(potassium dihydrogen phosphate)were sprayed,and wa-ter was used as control.Foliar fertilizers were sprayed every 15 days for 3times,and leaf anatomical structure,photosynthetic characteristics and specific leaf weight(SLW)of C.oleifera seedlings were determined 30 days since the last spray.At last,the effect of different foliar fertilizers on growth and development of C.oleiferacontainer seedlings was compared.【Result】All treatments increased thickness of leaves,thicknesses of upper and lower epidermis,thickness of palisade tissue,palisade to spongy ratio and CTR comparing with the control.Thickness of leaves,thickness of lower epidermis,thickness of palisade tissue,palisade to spongy ratio and CTR of treatmentⅡ were the highest with values of 552.33μm,28.51μm,248.92μm,1.12,and 45.07%,respectively;while those of treatmentⅣ were the lowest with values of496.06μm,18.73μm,194.52μm,0.85,and 39.21%,respectively.Chl(a+b)content and ratio of Chl b/a of treatmentⅡ were the highest with values of 0.652mg/g and 0.440,respectively.Pn,Tr,Cs,Ci,LUE and SLW of all treatments were improved,with an decreasing order of treatmentⅡ>treatmentⅠ>treatmentⅢ>treatmentⅣ.【Conclusion】All these foliar fertilizers promoted the growth of C.oleifera container seedlings,and seaweed essence was the best.

关 键 词：油茶容器苗 叶面肥 叶片解剖结构 光合色素含量 光合特性 比叶重 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]