气象资料缺测时Penman-Monteith温室修正式的应用  

Application of modified Penman-Monteith in greenhouse with limited weather data

作　　者：潘永安[1,2] 范兴科[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第1期117-124,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家"863"高技术研究发展计划项目(2011AA100509)

摘　　要：【目的】Penman-Monteith公式(P-M公式)是目前计算大田作物蒸腾蒸发量(ETc)的主要方法,利用该方法可预测未来短期内作物水分亏缺状况,但由于温室与大田之间的环境条件存在显著差异且温室气象数据往往不全,故需要研究提高温室作物水分状况预测精确度的途径。【方法】利用温室番茄主要生育期气象环境信息和土壤水分实测数据,对基于水量平衡原理和P-M温室修正式计算出的ETc结果进行了对比,研究分析了P-M温室修正式的可靠性与气象资料缺测时P-M温室修正式的应用方法,同时对温室气象数据缺测时运用P-M温室修正式计算参考作物蒸腾蒸发量(ET0)的精度进行了分析。【结果】基于P-M温室修正式计算出的ETc与水量平衡法计算出的ETc结果较吻合,相对误差均小于10%。当气象资料缺测时,基于FAO推荐的几种计算方法,运用P-M温室修正式计算的ET0相对误差如下:由日照时数(n)估算太阳净辐射(Rn)进而求得ET0的方法相对误差为17.35%;由气温(T)估算Rn进而求得ET0的方法相对误差为41.69%;由最低气温(Tmin)代替相对湿度(RH)计算实际水汽压(ea)进而求得ET0的方法相对误差为19.09%;分别由n估算Rn,由Tmin计算ea进而求得ET0的方法相对误差为36.31%;Rn与ea均由T估算进而求得ET0的方法相对误差为61.23%。【结论】利用P-M温室修正式可以较好地预测温室作物的水分状况,当修正式的参数Rn缺测时可以用n计算Rn;当参数RH缺测时,可以用Tmin代替RH计算ea。【Objective】Penman-Monteith equation is the main method to calculate the evapotranspiration(ETc)of field crops,which can be used to predict short-term water status in future.However,due to the differences in water and heat movement patterns between greenhouses and fields and limited weather data,it is necessary to improve the accuracy for predicting the water status of greenhouse crops.【Method】Using meteorological and soil moisture data in the main growth period of tomato in greenhouse,the modified Penman-Monteith equation and the principle of water balance were compared for ETccalculation,andthe accuracy of the modified Penman-Monteith equation to calculate evapotranspiration of reference crop(ET0)in greenhouse with limited weather data was analyzed.【Result】The modified Penman-Monteith equation had high accuracy to calculate ET0 with mean relative error(MRE)of less than 10%.Based on FAO recommended methods,the modified Penman-Monteith equation calculated ET0 had different errors with limited weather data.The method using sunshine duration(n)to calculate net solar radiation(Rn)had MREof 17.35%.The method using temperature(T)to calculate Rnhad MREof 41.69%.The method using lowest temperature(Tmin)to calculate actual water vapor pressure(ea)had the MREof 19.09%.The method using nand Tminto calculate Rnand eahad the MREof 36.31%.The method using Tto calculate both Rnand eahad the MREof 61.23%.【Conclusion】The modified Penman-Monteith equation can be used to predict future short-term water status of crops in greenhouse.Rncan be calculated with nand eacan be calculated with Tmin when RHis missing.

关 键 词：Penman-Monteith温室修正式 气象资料缺测 FAO 

分 类 号：S625[农业科学—园艺学]