污泥预处理强化厌氧水解与产甲烷实验研究  

Experimental study on enhancing anaerobic hydrolysis and methane production by sludge pretreatment

作　　者：郝晓地[1] 刘斌[1] 曹兴坤[1,2] 胡沅胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学北京应对气候变化研究与人才培养基地,北京100044 [2]潍坊市市政工程设计研究院有限公司,潍坊261031

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2015年第1期335-340,共6页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51278025)

摘　　要：污泥传统厌氧消化因水解瓶颈而导致有机物转化甲烷产率低下。选择适当工况对污泥实施预处理可同时实现对污泥中木质纤维素破稳和污泥微生物细胞破壁,从而释放出较多溶解性COD(SCOD),使有机物水解变得容易进行,最终导致甲烷产率大幅提高。本研究通过热水解(T=150℃,t=30 min)、超声波(P=500 W,t=2 h)、碱解(p H=13,t=2 h)和酸解(p H=2,t=2 h)等4种预处理方式对原污泥实施最优工况预处理,分别获得了50.9%、39.1%、31.0%和22.4%的COD溶出率。对预处理后污泥进行传统条件下(SRT=20 d)厌氧消化,分别获得了53.6%、40%、26.8%和24%的甲烷产率(m L/g VSS)增量。同时,预处理后污泥中木质纤维素类物质降解率亦大大增加。缩短SRT(10 d)会导致传统厌氧消化甲烷产率急剧减少,但是,污泥预处理却非常有利于甲烷产率的提高,因此可通过外在预处理方式来逾越内在厌氧水解的瓶颈。Conventional anaerobic digestion( AD) of excess sludge is low in methane yield due to the bottleneck of hydrolysis from organics. Pretreatment of sludge under proper working conditions can destruct lignocelluloses and also break bacterial cells,which makes more soluble COD( SCOD) released and finally enhances methane yield. In this study,raw sludge was respectively pretreated with pyrolysis( T = 150℃,t = 30 min),ultrasonic( P = 500 W,t = 2 h),alkaline( p H = 13,t = 2 h) and acid( p H = 2,t = 2 h),which resulted in the higher COD-released rates of 50. 9%( pyrolysis),39. 1%( ultrasonic),31. 0%( alkaline) and 22. 4%( acid). After the pretreatment,sludge was respectively digested at SRT = 20 d,which caused the increased methane yields( m L / g VSS) of 53. 6%( pyrolysis),40. 0%( pyrolysis),26. 8%( alkaline) and 24%( acid),respectively. At the same time,the degraded efficiency of lignocelluloses also increased after the pretreatment. A shortened SRT( 10 d) resulted in a sharply decreased methane yield,but the pretreatment could enhance the methane yield. In this way,the bottleneck of hydrolysis could be overstepped by the pretreatment.

关 键 词：剩余污泥 厌氧消化 木质纤维素 预处理 热水解 甲烷产率 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]