辽东半岛“达维”(1210)台风暴雨的诊断分析  

Diagnostic Analyses of Typhoon Torrential Rain over Liaodong Peninsula

作　　者：梁军 张胜军[2] 黄艇 张彩凤 李燕 

机构地区：[1]大连市气象台,大连116001 [2]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《气象》2015年第3期364-371,共8页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40975032和41175063);中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2014-013);大连市科技计划项目(2013E15SF132)共同资助

摘　　要：利用热带气旋年鉴、FY-2E卫星的云顶亮温(TBB)、大连地区逐时自动气象站降雨量资料、常规观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对北上引发辽东半岛强降水过程的1210号台风达维(Damrey)和1209号台风苏拉(Saola)的环流背景和中尺度特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)副热带高压位置偏北且稳定为此次降水提供了有利的大尺度背景,双台风与副热带高压之间所形成的东南风低空急流为辽东半岛强降水提供了水汽和能量供应。台风"达维"东部和副热带高压西侧低空急流带上由β或γ中尺度雨团发展的中尺度对流复合体(MCC)是造成降水的直接系统。(2)"达维"与其南部台风苏拉环流的长时间相连,一方面有利于"达维"获得源源不断的水汽供应,加强其中尺度对流系统,另一方面有利于水汽在辽东半岛地区形成水汽辐合,使暴雨持续产生。(3)"达维"影响辽东半岛期间,其东北部的冷空气逆时针卷入,在半岛南部出现局地垂直次级环流,触发对流不稳定,有利于中尺度暴雨云团的发展。Using the Tropical Cyclone Yearbook,two-dimensional Fengyun(FY-2E) 0.1°×0.1° cloud top brightness temperature data,hourly rainfall observations from nearly 100 automatic weather stations(AWS),conventional observation data and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,large-scale circulation characteristics and mesoscale circulations were analyzed for typhoons of 1209(Saola) and 1210(Damrey).The results show that:(1) Northerly and stable position of subtropical high pressure(STP) provides favorable large-scale circulations.The direct raining system is the mesoscale convective complex(MCC),which is generated by the development of meso-β or meso-γ rain clusters located in the east of typhoon and the west of STP.(2) Link of the area of Liaodong Peninsula with the channel of moisture transported by lower level jets and the formation of moisture convergence are responsible for the occurrence of heavy precipitation in the area.Standing link of water vapor transport belts for typhoons of Damrey and Saola is favorable for genesis and development of convective complex in typhoon rain belts,beneficial to the genesis of severe rainfall.(3) Near the center of Damrey,the coupling dynamical structure of positive vorticity and the negative divergence form,which causes strong upward motion in the lower troposphere,and has the convergent water vapor at the lower level lifted to the middle level,good for genesis and development of MCS.Moving northeastward along the periphery of STP,MCS rapidly develops and results in heavy precipitation.The heavy rainfalls are located at lower-level jet belts of the east of Damrey and the west of STP.(4) The local vertical circulations in the south of Liaodong Peninsula are helpful for the formation and development of mesoscale convective cloud clusters.

关 键 词：辽东半岛 双台风 暴雨 

分 类 号：P458.121.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]