2014年海洋和大气环流异常及对中国气候的影响  

Anomalies of Ocean and Atmospheric Circulation in 2014 and Their Impacts on Climate over China

作　　者：王朋岭[1] 周兵[1] 柳艳菊[1] 李清泉[1] 王东阡[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局气候研究开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《气象》2015年第4期489-496,共8页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY20140616和GYHY201306026)共同资助

摘　　要：本文基于实时、历史观测资料和再分析资料,综合分析2014年海洋和大气环流异常特征,并讨论这些异常特征对中国气候的主要影响。分析表明:2013/2014年冬季,极涡偏向西半球,东亚冬季风和西伯利亚高压均偏弱,导致我国冬季气温总体偏高。受冬季风强度季节内变化影响,前冬暖、后冬冷。2014年赤道中东太平洋形成一次厄尔尼诺事件,4月以来热带印度洋全区一致海温模态正位相维持发展,受暖海温外强迫影响,夏、秋季西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强、位置偏南,主汛期我国东部降水呈"北少南多"型异常分布。2014年南海夏季风爆发异常偏晚,强度偏弱。东亚夏季风强度偏弱,有利于我国东部主汛期雨带偏南,江南梅雨区和长江中下游梅雨区梅雨量偏多,北方大部夏季降水偏少。Based on the real-time,historical observation data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,anomalies of ocean and atmospheric circulation are analyzed and their impacts on climatic anomalies in 2014 over China are discussed.The results show that the intensity of East Asian winter monsoon and the Siberian high were weaker than normal during the 2013/2014 winter,with the center of polar vortex located in the Western Hemisphere,leading to the higher temperature than normal over China.While the East Asian winter monsoon exhibited intraseasonal variations,the surface air temperature over China had two-stage variations last winter,warmer in the early winter and colder in late winter.It is found that a new El Nino event formed in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific in 2014,and significant positive phase persisted in the index of Basin-Wide SSTA variation in the tropical Indian Ocean(IOBW) after March of 2014.As a response of circulations to above warm ocean conditions,the West Pacific subtropical high was stronger and extended further southward to its normal situation during summer and autumn,leading to the 'more in South and less in North' feature for total precipitation over eastern China during the rainy season.In 2014,onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon was extremely later than normal,and its intensity was weaker than normal.The East Asian summer monsoon was weaker than normal,favorable for the main rain belt over the eastern China to hover southward and more precipitation in Meiyu season was seen over the Jiangnan and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River while less precipitation was in most of the northern China durin the summer 2014.

关 键 词：厄尔尼诺 大气环流 东亚季风 气候异常 

分 类 号：P434[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P461.2