2013年初江苏连续性雾-霾天气的特征分析  

Analysis of Characteristics of a Long-Lasting Fog-Haze Event in Jiangsu 2013

作　　者：于庚康 王博妮 陈鹏[2] 黄亮 谢小萍 

机构地区：[1]江苏省气象服务中心,南京210008 [2]江苏省气象信息中心,南京210008

出　　处：《气象》2015年第5期622-629,共8页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：中国气象局关键技术集成与应用重点项目(CMAGJ2014Z02);江苏省气象局预报员专项(JSYBY201305);江苏省气象服务中心自立课题"沿海高速公路(江苏段)雾的特征分析及其预报方法研究"共同资助

摘　　要：利用FNL资料、污染物颗粒浓度资料以及常规气象资料对2013年1月12—16日江苏地区的连续性雾-霾天气过程的环流形势、地面气象要素特征、大气边界层结构及大气污染状况等进行了分析。结果表明:高空形势变化平稳、中低层的暖平流配合稳定少动的地面气压场为雾-霾天气的发生提供了有利的环流形势;持续变化较小的气压梯度和较低的风速以及相对湿度的增大和PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)的浓度的变化为雾-霾形成和发展提供了条件;雾-霾期间低层都存在不同程度的逆温现象,混合层高度与AQI呈反相关关系,当混合层高度越低,AQI就越高,污染就越严重,能见度就越差;相对湿度的升高和PM_(2.5)在污染物颗粒中的富集,是导致能见度下降和持续污染的首要原因,而强冷空气带来的大风降温是污染物颗粒被快速清除的重要动力机制;影响南京的污染物来源为:黄海、安徽地区、北方污染物的输送和本地的局地污染。Circulation situation,characteristics of surface meteorological elements,structure of atmospheric boundary layer and air pollution status of the long-lasting fog-haze event in Jiangsu Province during 12-16 January 2013 are analyzed by using the FNL analysis data,data on pollutant particle concentration and conventional meteorological data.The results indicate that steady upper air circulation situation,warm advection of middle-low layers and stable distribution of surface pressure field are favorable for haze to occur in terms of circulation features.Continuous and slight changes of pressure gradient,slow wind speed,increase of relative humidity as well as the PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) concentrations are beneficial to the formation and development of haze.Temperature inversion is observed in low layers during the haze event.The height of mixed layer is inversely correlated to AQI.Lower mixed layer height corresponds with higher AQI,more serious pollution and lower visibility.The increase of relative humidity and enrichment of PM_(2.5) concentration in contaminant particles lead to the decrease of visibility and continuous pollution while strong wind and low temperature caused by severe cold air is responsible for the important dynamic mechanism of quick erasion of particulate matter.The pollution of Nanjing mainly originates from the Yellow Sea,Anhui Province,and the pollution from the north and local atmospheric pollution.

关 键 词：雾-霾 能见度 污染物颗粒 后向轨迹 

分 类 号：P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]