北京城市绿地对大气PM_(2.5)的削减作用  

Atmospheric PM_(2.5) removal by green spaces in Beijing

作　　者：肖玉[1] 王硕[1,2] 李娜[1,2] 谢高地 鲁春霞[1] 张彪[1] 张昌顺[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2015年第6期1141-1148,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAC03B05);国家自然科学基金项目(31400411);北京市环境保护监测中心北京市生态环境变化以及对大气;水环境影响的调查与评估项目(OTTC-G12022328)

摘　　要：PM2.5导致的大气污染已经成为中国经济快速发展地区共同面临的问题。城市绿地对削减大气PM2.5具有一定的作用。本研究基于NDVI数据模拟北京城市绿地叶面积指数,再利用干沉降模型模拟区域绿地PM2.5削减量,最后根据大气PM2.5存量计算了绿地对大气PM2.5的去除效果。研究结果显示,2000年、2005年和2010年北京城市绿地PM2.5削减总量分别为1 861t、2 987t和3 852t,单位面积削减量分别为22.71kg/hm2、24.64kg/hm2和33.36kg/hm2,可分别将研究区内PM2.5削减0.07%、0.12%和0.19%。苗圃与果园、社区林和路旁林的PM2.5削减总量较高,而针阔混交林、灌木林和针叶林的单位面积削减量较高。五环以外绿地的PM2.5削减总量、单位面积削减量和大气PM2.5去除率都高于五环以内绿地。本研究可以为北京城市规划中更好发挥绿地缓解大气PM2.5作用提供决策依据。Urban green spaces shoulder significant roles in sustainable urban development and urban ecology. Beijing is a rapidly developing city with a population explosion and increased artificial construction area,so urban green spaces are important natural and cultural entities. Given urban green space changes in Beijing,here we analyzed landscape disposition patterns of urban green spaces for landscape-ecological quality in different land uses and districts,using geographic information systems,remote sensing and factor-analysis techniques. In order to reflect temporal and spatial changes in urban green spaces across Beijing over decades,many indexes such as area of green,green coverage and area of green per capita were used. We found that the area of green,green coverage and area of green per capita increased from 2000-2010,but green space layout requires attention. The area percentage of planted forest and grass continued to increase,while the portion of farmland continued to decline from 2000-2010. For 2000-2010,the area of green and green coverage within the fifth ring road of Beijing was more or less steady;the area of green has continuously increased and green coverage firstly increased and then decreased beyond the fifth ring road. The transformation between different green types tended to be dry land turned into natural grass/shrub grass and nursery gardens. These findings will inform the landscape-pattern design of urban green spaces in compact cities such as Beijing and advance their ecological qualities,benefits to residents and nature,and urban nature conservation.

关 键 词：城市建成区 绿色空间 配置格局 时空变化 北京 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X173