科学奖励中的个人与集体——以青蒿素获奖引发争论事件为例  

Individual scientists and collective scientists in science rewards:Artemisinin award-winning sparked controversy as a case

作　　者：李正风[1] 张改珍[2] 

机构地区：[1]中科院学部-清华大学科学与社会协同发展研究中心,北京100084 [2]中国气象局气象干部培训学院,北京100081

出　　处：《科学学研究》2015年第6期810-814,共5页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：清华大学自主科研项目"中国重大科技创新的社会研究:案例分析与理论探索"(20141081191)

摘　　要：屠呦呦因发现青蒿素获得拉斯克医学奖,在中国引发了关于科学奖励中个人与集体关系的争论。本文在阐明青蒿素大协作背景及发现过程的基础上,分析并比较中国科学承认和奖励中"集体主义"价值取向与美国科学奖励中注重独创性和个人发现优先权的"个人主义"价值取向,最后本文讨论了如何处理科学奖励中个人与集体的关系问题,指出个人导向的奖励制度与个人产权为基础的国家产权结构,集体导向的奖励制度与公共产权结构密切联系,并认为两种奖励制度各有优劣,如何在制度设计中更好地处理科学奖励中集体与个体的关系仍然是一个值得研究的问题。Tu Yo-yo won Lasker Award on her scientific finding-artemisinin,which triggered a debate about individual scientists and collective scientists in science awards in China. Based on clarification to the collaboration background and discovery process of artemisinin,its value orientation of'collective presence'for collective signature and collective award-winning in Chinese science recognition and award,and its value orientation of'individual presence'for focus on originality and personal discovery priority are demonstrated and compared. Finally,the paper discusses how to deal with the relationship between the individual and the collective in scientific award and indicates that there is a close link between individual-oriented reward and social structure based on individual property,collective-oriented reward and public property. And considersing the two reward systems have advantages and disadvantages,how to better deal with the relationship between science award in the collective and individual remains a problem worthy of study in the system design.

关 键 词：青蒿素获奖 科学奖励 个人 集体 个人产权 公共产权 

分 类 号：G321[文化科学]