‘冬枣’与‘临猗梨枣’自然授粉后代果实性状研究  

Fruit characterization of hybrid progenies derived from natural pollination cross between Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao'and‘Linyilizao'

作　　者：张钟[1] 黄建[1] 殷晓[1] 李新岗[1] 刘廷俊 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院.国家林业局枣工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]宁夏葡萄花卉产业发展局,宁夏银川750001

出　　处：《果树学报》2015年第1期57-62,173,共7页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑课题(2013BAD20B03);陕西省难题招标项目(2013KTZB02-03)

摘　　要：【目的】研究枣树自然授粉杂交后代的果实性状变异。【方法】在宁夏贺兰县暖泉农场建立‘临猗梨枣’园,按照父母本配置比例为10∶1,在枣园中部选择20株‘梨枣’(♂)嫁接‘冬枣’(♀),自然授粉杂交,收集冬枣种子播种获得F1代;从中优选64株引种到试验大棚内,观察其果实性状,并用10个SSR位点进行杂交后代鉴别。【结果】贺兰县自然授粉‘冬枣’的含仁率为85.0%,明显高于其他地区;鉴别‘冬枣’ב梨枣’的杂交后代57个,未发现‘冬枣’自交后代;56.9%的后代果实形状多为圆形、扁圆形,果实大小、单果质量为趋低亲变异,可溶性固形物含量为趋高亲变异,最终优选出4个综合性状优良的杂交后代。【结论】母本含仁率和自交不亲和是枣树杂交育种的基础,自然授粉杂交后代鉴别是枣树杂交育种的关键;有性杂交能够产生后代果实性状的广泛分离,并实现父母本性状的有效整合。【Objective】The aim of the present paper was to study the fruit characterization of hybrid progenies derived from natural pollination cross of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.【Method】The orchard of Z. jujuba cultivar‘Linyilizao'was established in Nuanquan Farm,Helan County,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. In accordance with the ratio of male to female parent(10∶1),‘Dongzao'( ♀) were grafted onto twenty‘Linyilizao'(♂) trees in the middle of the orchard. Seeds of‘Dongzao'derived from natural pollination were collected for F1 generation seedlings. Sixty-four preferable F1 individuals were moved to a greenhouse for observing the fruit characterization. These hybrid progenies were identified using 10 SSR loci.【Result】The viable embryos rate of‘Dongzao'in Helan County was 85.0%,significantly higher than that in other places. Fifty-seven individualities were the true hybrid progenies by the cross of D×L,without any selfing progenies of‘Dongzao'. More than half progenies were roundness or oblateness(56.9%).Fruit size and weight tended to the parent with low value,but soluble solid content of progenies surpassed the parents. Four optimal germplasm resources were selected.【Conclusion】Viable embryos rate and self-incompatibility of female parent was the foundation of hybridization of jujube. Natural pollination crossand hybrid progenies identification was the key element; sexual hybridization could produce wide trait segregation of in fruits of progenies and realize the effective integration of parent characters.

关 键 词：'冬枣’ '临猗梨枣’ 自然授粉 杂交后代 果实性状 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]