9个新疆杏品种间杂交亲和性研究  

Study on the cross compatibility among 9 apricot cultivars in Xinjiang

作　　者：彭晓莉[1] 廖康[1] 贾杨[1] 刘欢[1] 马微[1] 徐乐 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学特色果树研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆轮台国家果树资源圃,新疆轮台841600

出　　处：《果树学报》2015年第2期192-199,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技计划--"新疆特色果树种质资源利用技术研究与示范"(201130102-1);新疆维吾尔自治区果树学重点学科

摘　　要：【目的】了解新疆杏品种间杂交亲和性,为授粉树的配置提供理论依据。【方法】以9个新疆杏品种为试材,测定各品种的花粉量、花粉活力,设置不同品种间72个授粉组合,测定杂交组合的花粉管生长状况及坐果率等指标,以判定不同杂交组合的亲和性。【结果】9个品种平均花粉量为每花药1 474.4粒,品种间差异极大。各品种平均花粉萌发率为44.0%,其中,‘库曼提’花粉萌发率较高,为80.0%,‘树上干’较小,仅17.5%。不同授粉组合的平均坐果率为25.9%,较自然授粉平均高2.7倍,以‘阿克阿依’为母本,‘轮台白杏’为父本的授粉组合坐果率最高,达64.2%。荧光显微观察结果表明,所有杂交组合花粉多在授粉后24 h萌发并伸长,授粉96 h后到达花柱基部进入子房,但各组合花粉在花柱原位萌发的速度及花粉管生长速度存在差异,以‘佳娜丽’为母本,‘库尔勒托永’为父本等9个组合,花粉管生长延长到花柱中下部后,停止向下生长,只有个别能正常生长到达子房。【结论】各品种间花粉量、花粉活力差异极大。在72个授粉组合中,坐果率小于6%的授粉组合,花粉管未到达花柱基部或到达基部的速度慢,比率小,表现为杂交不亲和;坐果率较高的授粉组合,花粉管到达花柱基部的速度快,比率大,亲和性强,适宜搭配建园。【Objective】To understand the cross compatibility between apricot cultivars in Xinjiang,andprovide a theoretical basis for selection of pollinizer.【Methods】The pollen quantity,pollen viability of 9apricot varieties in Xinjiang were examined and the fruit-setting rates and the growth status of pollentubes were evaluated for 72 cross combinations,as experimental material,to determine the cross compati-bility.【Results】The average pollen number of 9 apricot cultivars per anther was 1 474.4 and there was sig-nificant difference in the pollen number of different cultivars. The average pollen viability of 9 apricot cul-tivars was 44.0%,in which‘Kumanti'got the highest pollen germination 80.0% and‘Shushanggan'gotthe lowest,only 17.5%. The average fruit-setting rate of the 9 apricot cultivars that were pollinated withdifferent pollens from various pollinizers was 25.9%,which was 2.7 times higher than the natural pollina-tion on average;the highest fruiting rate 64.2% was found in‘Akeayi',which was pollinated with thepollens from‘Luntaibaixing'. The fluorescence microscopic observation results show that the pollen ofmost apricot cultivars had started to germinate and elongate on stigma after 24 hours of pollination,and the pollen tubes of all cultivars reached to style base after 96 hours,but there were significant differencesin the germination rate and pollen tube growing speed of various hybrid combinations;the most pollentubes of nine hybrid combinations like the female parent‘Jianali'pollinated with the male parent‘Kuerl-etuoyong'stopped growth after reached the middle and lower part of style,and only a few can reached theovary and completed the normal fertilizations.【Conclusion】There were great differences in the pollen num-ber and pollen viability of the different varieties. the pollinate combinations that fruiting rate was less than6% in 72 combinations showed the hybrid incompatibility,of which the pollen tube did not reach thestyle base or its growing speed was too slow. And the pollinat

关 键 词：杏 新疆 花粉活力 杂交亲和性 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]