中国经济转轨时期女性的就业选择及收入效应的变迁  

Transition of Female Job Choices and Income Responses During the Period of Economic Transformation in China

作　　者：赖小琼[1] 陈凯鸣[2] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学王亚南经济研究院 [2]厦门大学经济系

出　　处：《劳动经济研究》2014年第6期62-86,共25页Studies in Labor Economics

摘　　要：运用1993-2011年CHNS微观数据,本文探讨了中国经济转轨时期女性就业选择与收入的演变趋势,发现中国女性劳动力从事短期工的比率呈显著上升趋势,从事长期工与非农自雇的比率出现下降,农业自雇始终保持较高比重。进一步研究显示,从市场经济体制初步建立期到完善期,深化市场机制的制度转变是导致女性更多选择工资工作尤其是短期工的主要原因,市场经济体制完善期的制度环境并不利于女性的创业活动,这一时期农业自雇比重的下降主要是由于受教育程度等禀赋特征的改善。对应于不同的就业选择,其收入上升程度不一,市场机制的深化改革使女性劳动力的各项特征回报率上升,然而城市女性的自我雇佣主要依靠其自身家庭与工作特征的禀赋支持,回报率较低,制度层面对女性创业的支持力度不足。Based on the micro-data of CHNS in 1993- 2011,the paper discusses transition of female job choices and income responses during the period of economic transformation in China.We find that the proportion of the female labor force engaged in the short-term work shows a significant rise process,while the proportion of permanent workers and non-agricultural self-employers decrease by degrees,and agricultural self-employers always remain at a high proportion.Further research reveals that institution transition of market mechanism is the main reason leading to a tendency of working in the salary especially short-term work.Institutional environment under the perfecting stage of the socialist market economy is unfavorable for women to start businesses,and the decrease of female agricultural self-employers mainly benefits from the improvement of endowment characteristics such as education.Income rises in varying degrees corresponding to different job choices.With the deepening of market mechanism's reform,returns on endowment characteristics of the female labor force go steadily up,however,self-employment of urban female labor force mostly relies on characteristics of woman's own family and work whose rate of return is low,in other words,it lacks support on institutional level.

关 键 词：女性劳动力 就业选择 收入效应 经济转轨时期 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]