唐代墓志铭创作的程式化模式及其文学意义  

The Stylized Mode of the Epitaph Creation in the Tang Dynasty and Its Literary Significance

作　　者：孟国栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学江南文化研究中心,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第5期31-43,共13页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(14ZDB065);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(13YJC751038)

摘　　要：墓志铭作为应用性文体,通常会出现程式化的创作模式,这既是应用文体的特性所决定的,又与一般的应用文体有所不同。墓志铭由志文和铭文两部分组成,志文的程式化主要表现为行文方式的模式化、特殊类型的模板式和具体内容的雷同性;铭文的程式化主要表现为化用经典诗句、抄撮志文成句和袭用固定模板。程式化的创作模式虽然使墓志铭形式单一,结构固定,但却有着重要的文学意义,有必要对其内涵和价值进行恰当的评估:唐代墓志铭中经常出现的人物形象为考察他们形象的经典化和在后世的接受情况提供了全新的素材;其中反复出现的一些套语,则有助于我们对诗歌创作中点化前人成句的创作模式和经典诗句的生成过程有更加直观的认识。Epitaph as a writing style,often presents a stylized creative mode.For a long time,people paid attention to stylized phenomenon in the epitaph writing,but they failed to make in-depth investigations because of different research perspectives.Moreover,some scholars still hold negative views about stylized phenomenon.In fact,stylized mode of epitaph creation is a common phenomenon existing from the Six Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty,which is decided by its own character of practical writing.But stylized mode of epitaph creation is different from that of general applied style.Epitaph usually consists of two parts.One is Zhiwen,which narrates life,background and death time of the dead,and the other is Inscriptions,which always recognize the merits and achievements of the dead.Zhiwen and Inscriptions have different functions and characteristics,especially different in writing styles and language forms and so on.Great differences in these lead to different forms of Zhiwen and Inscriptions in stylized mode of epitaph creation.The stylization of Zhiwen mainly shows the patterning of writing style,modeling of special types and identicalness of content while the stylization of Inscriptions mainly lies in adopting classical poems,transcribing Zhiwen words into sentences and following fixed templates.Although the form of stylized epitaph is relatively single and its structure is relatively fixed,it has great significance in literature.Many literati in the Wei Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties have appeared in the literary works of the Tang Dynasty in different ways.In terms of the newly unearthed epitaph,there are two characters worthy of our attention.They are Pang Tong and Tao Yuanming.When the author of the epitaph in the Tang Dynasty describes tomb owners with great talents working in a low position or living in seclusion,they tend to compare tomb owners'background and life experiences.This tendency gradually becomes a pattern of composition used in the Tang dynasty and it provides new material to explore their

关 键 词：唐代 墓志铭 程式化创作模式 文学意义 

分 类 号：K877.45[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]