法德英关系与欧洲一体化(1945—1993)  

France-Germany-Britain Relations and the European Integration(1945-1993)

作　　者：姜南[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第5期159-168,共10页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

摘　　要：法国、德国、英国三个大国之间的关系对欧洲一体化的启动、扩大和深化起到了非常关键的作用。20世纪50年代,法德和解为战后西欧一体化扫除了障碍,奠定了政治基础。60年代到70年代初,法英的矛盾与冲突导致英国加入共同体的过程一波三折,使欧洲共同体的扩大整整推迟了十年之久。80年代末90年代初,在东欧剧变和德国统一的背景下,法德之间的合作对1992年《马斯特里赫特条约》的签订和欧洲一体化的深化起到了至关重要的作用。The relations among France,Germany and Great Britain played a key role in the process of European integration.Early on after the Second World War,the basic policies of France towards Germany were to dismember and weaken it.Soon after,the prologue of the Cold War was ensued as the alliance between the U.S.and the former Soviet Union collapsed.The Cold War put West Europe onto the forward position,the Soviet Union replaced Germany as the supreme menace to France,and Germany served France as the protective screen to the threat of the Soviet Union.Under this international situation,the Franch policy towards Germany transformed from hostility to reconciliation.On the other hand,the split of Germany dispelled France's alert mind for the moment and laid realistic basis for their reconciliation.As a result,in1950 s,the reconciliation between France and Germany was achieved and the political basis for post-war European integration was laid down.In 1960 s,France vetoed twice the proposal of Britain for the entry of European Community,the reasons being as follows:First,the French president Charles de Gaulle doubted the determination of Britain for its economic integration into the Common Market,and doubted its determination of abandoning traditional policies and the British Imperial Preference;Second,President Charles de Gaulle was reluctant to accept Britain before the accomplishment of Common Agricultural Policy for European Community;Last and the most important,the initial conceiving of President Charles de Gaulle was to establish″EuropeansEurope″led by France and centered in France and Germany.The fundamental objective of President Charles de Gaulle was to regain a great power status for France in Europe and even in the world,and obviously,Britain was the key force to drag Europe into the track of the Atlantic Community led by the United States.Until late 1960 s,when West Germanyeconomic and political strength boosted distinctively,and the Common Agricultural Policy have been shaped up,President Georges Pompid

关 键 词：欧洲一体化 法德关系 法英关系 

分 类 号：K153[历史地理—历史学]