坐骨神经在坐骨结节及股骨大转子间的体表定位  

Surface location of the sciatic nerve between the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter of femur

作　　者：马春明[1] 鞠晓华[1] 

机构地区：[1]潍坊医学院解剖学教研室

出　　处：《解剖学杂志》2015年第6期719-719,共3页Chinese Journal of Anatomy

基　　金：潍坊市卫生局基金项目(2012022)

摘　　要：目的:通过对成人坐骨结节宽度的测量及坐骨神经与坐骨结节及股骨大转子距离观察测量,得出从体表定位坐骨神经的方法.方法:测量40块髋骨的坐骨结节最大宽度及最后突处的宽度;解剖成人尸体28具(56侧),测量坐骨神经在坐骨结节与股骨大转子间的宽度、坐骨结节最突处与股骨大转子最外突点距离及坐骨结节最后突处与坐骨神经内侧缘间距离.结果:坐骨神经在坐骨结节的最后突处与股骨大转子最外凸点连线的内中1/3交点走行,即在坐骨结节最内侧缘与股骨大转子最外突点连线的中点处走行.结论:体表投影的描述需要明确体表标志的准确部位,才能准确定位血管神经,避免定位时的误差.Objective:To explore the body surface location of sciatic nerve by observing and measuring the width of ischial tuberosity and the distance relation of the sciatic nerve between the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter of femur.Methods:The width of maximum and most prominent position of 40 ischial tuberosities were measured;28 complete cadavers of adults were dissected to expose their sciatic nerve,the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter of femur,and the width and distance relation to ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter of femur of the sciatic nerve were measured.Results:Sciatic nerve was located at a length of 1/3 from the most prominent position of the ischial tuberosity to the lateral prominent position of greater trochanter of femur,and at a length of 1/1 from the medial border of ischial tuberosity to the lateral prominent position of greater trochanter of femur.Conclusion:The description of body surface projection requires accurate body surface symbol,which can locate vessels and nerves accurately and quickly and reduce positional errors.

关 键 词：坐骨神经 坐骨结节 股骨 体表定位 

分 类 号：R322-3[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]