柑橘体细胞杂种及其核质遗传研究进展  

Advances on Citrus Somatic Hybrids and Inheritance of Their Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Components

作　　者：刘继红[1] 徐小勇[1] 邓秀新[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室国家农作物分子育种中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2004年第3期237-246,共10页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.30200189);国际科学基金(No.D/3001-2);湖北省自然科学基金资助项目

摘　　要：原生质体融合能够克服柑橘多胚、雌和/或雄性败育等生殖障碍,为柑橘(Citrusspp.)品种改良提供新的途径。柑橘原生质体融合主要采用“叶肉原生质体+胚性愈伤组织原生质体”和“胚性愈伤组织原生质体+胚性愈伤组织原生质体”两种模式,融合方式主要有对称和非对称融合。通过原生质体融合已获得200余个组合的体细胞杂种,杂种倍性多样,绝大多数为异源四倍体,其次为叶肉亲本型二倍体,此外还获得了一些其它倍性的杂种植株。体细胞杂种在柑橘品种改良上的应用主要是砧木改良和用作倍性杂交培育无核三倍体的亲本。柑橘体细胞杂种的鉴定方法有细胞学、形态学和遗传标记。柑橘体细胞杂种核质遗传研究表明,四倍体体细胞杂种核主要为双亲之和,二倍体体细胞杂种核来自叶肉亲本,叶绿体DNA表现出单向或单亲分离,在个别组合中有双亲叶绿体DNA共存现象;线粒体DNA主要来自悬浮系亲本,仅在少数组合中观察到重组或丢失现象。Protoplast fusion can circumvent reproductive barriers facing citrus, such as polyembryony and female and/or male sterility, and paves way for citrus cultivar improvement. Two kinds of fusion patterns were employed for citrus, leaf-derived protoplasts + embryogenic callus protoplasts and embryogenic callus protoplasts + embryogenic callus protoplasts. More than 200 cases of somatic hybrids have been obtained via symmetric and asymmetric fusions, most of which are allotetraploids, followed by leaf-parent-type diploids and plants of other ploidy. The somatic hybrids hold great potential for citrus rootstock improvement and can be used as staminate parents for interploidy crosses aiming to produce seedless triploids. The somatic hybrids can be identified by cytology, morphology and genetic markers. Nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes characterization of the somatic hybrids demonstrated that the tetraploid somatic hybrids possessed additive nuclear components from both fusion parents, whereas only leaf parents' nuclear patterns were detected in the diploid somatic hybrids with morphology similar to the leaf parent. Unilateral or uniparental segregation of cpDNA was observed in most of the somatic hybrids with the exception of cpDNA co-existence in few cases. As far as mtDNA is mainly concerned the organelle derived from the embryogenic parents which presented in the somatic hybrids, whereas recombination or loss of mtDNA were reported for some fusion combinations.

关 键 词：柑橘 体细胞杂种 核 遗传 线粒体DNA 叶绿体DNA 品种改良 

分 类 号：S666.03[农业科学—果树学]