陕西林区啮齿动物群落多样性研究  

A Study on Community Diversity of Harm Forest-rodents in Shaanxi

作　　者：韩崇选[1] 吕复扬 卜书海[1] 王明春[1] 杨学军[1] 张宏利[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]陕西省防护林工作建设站,陕西西安710082

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2004年第3期99-104,共6页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关课题 ( 2 0 0 1BA5 0 9B0 7 2 0 2 )

摘　　要：利用调查资料 ,采用聚类分析法对陕西林区啮齿动物群落进行了分析研究 ,结果表明 :陕西林区啮齿动物群落可划分为 7类。群落的多样性指数和均匀性指数由南向北依次增加 ,优势度指数南高北低。人为因素使群落的多样性指数和均匀性指数增高 ,优势度指数降低。鼢鼠、达乌尔黄鼠、松鼠、田鼠和草兔等是各群落的共有种。陕南林区主要以地面鼠为主 ,松鼠和田鼠所占比例为 74 .5 % ,鼢鼠主要在人工林中发生 ;关中林区是地面鼠和地下鼠组成的重叠群落 ,鼢鼠占 17.2 %、达乌尔黄鼠 4 7.0 %、松鼠 2 3.7% ;陕北高原黄土区和风沙区以鼢鼠为主 ,延河以北主要是中华鼢鼠 ,南边是甘肃鼢鼠 ,密度 10 .6只 /hm2 ,占群落总量的 2 9.4 %。Making use of the census datum, and adopting the cluster analysis method to study the community of forest-rodents in Shaanxi, the results show that the rodent communities could be divided into 7 types. The diversity-index and the even-index are increase from south to north, but the dominance-index in the south is high, low in the north. The artificial factor makes the diversity-index and the even-index increase, and the dominance-index is lower. Zokors, Mongolian ground squirrel, Squirrel, Cricetilus hamster, and Brown hare etc. are the mutual species in the every community. Subaerial rodents are main species in the forest region of north Shaanxi. Squirrel and Cricetilus hamsters occupy 74.5% of the total, the zokor primarily occur in the artificial forestation terra. Guanzhong holt is a overlapping community composed of subaerial rodents and subterranean rodents, the zokor occupies 17.2%, Mongolian ground squirrel 47.0%, Squirrel 23.7%; in the Loess area and sandstorm area in north Shaanxi plateau, the zokor is a main species in the community. In the north of Yanhe river, the main species is Chinese zokor, the south is Gansu zokor, density for 10.6/ hm^2, in the community occupying the total quantity of 29.4%.

关 键 词：啮齿动物 群落结构 危害 多样性 

分 类 号：S764.5[农业科学—森林保护学]