喷施灭狼毒治理毒杂草型退化草地技术研究  

Herbicide technology to combat poisonous weed containing degraded grassland

作　　者：赵成章[1] 樊胜岳[2] 殷翠琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《草业学报》2004年第4期87-94,共8页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所创新工程项目(CASX210023);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000048700)资助。

摘　　要：应用中国科学院寒旱所研制的新型专用除草剂灭狼毒(程国栋院士命名),对狼毒(S.chamaejasme)危害严重的毒杂草型退化草地进行了为期3年的治理研究。结果表明,喷施灭狼毒+短期禁牧2年的草地总地上生物量提高48.5%,禾本科牧草的地上生物量提高168.5%,狼毒的地上生物量下降90%;草地优势牧草阿尔泰针茅(S.krylovii)和扁穗冰草(A.cristatum)的相对高度、盖度、密度大幅度提高,重要值达到67.7%,狼毒的3项相对值下降54.7%～93%,重要值下降为4.3%;植物间竞争减弱,草地植被群落特征的变化明显,治理后的草地植物群落结构逐步恢复到以阿尔泰针茅和扁穗冰草为优势种的顶级状态。A new type of special-purpose herbicide called 'Mielangdu' developed by the Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, was used to combat poisonous weed containing degraded grassland, including Stellera chamaejasme which has caused serious harm. Spraying Mielangdu and short-term grazing prohibition for two years resulted in total aboveground biomass increasing by 48.5%, the aboveground biomass of Gramineae herbage increasing by 168.5%, and the aboveground biomass of S. chamaejasme decreasing by 90%. The relative height, coverage, and density of the grassland superior herbage species S.Krylovii and A. cristatum greatly increased, and they achieved an importance value of 67.7%. For S. chamaejasme, the relative height, coverage, and density values decreased from 54.7%-93%, and the importance value decreased to 4.3%. Competition between plants reduced. The plant community characteristics showed distinctive change. After treatment, the community structure progressively recovered to the state where S. Krylovii and A. cristatum were the dominant species.

关 键 词：除草剂 退化草地 治理技术 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]