洛克菲勒基金会的中国项目(1913～1941)  

THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION'S PATRONAGE OF SCIENCE IN CHINA (1913—1941)

作　　者：卢宜宜 

机构地区：[1]英国救助儿童会

出　　处：《中国科技史料》1998年第2期24-28,共5页China Historical Materials of Science and Technology

摘　　要：美国洛克菲勒基金会在自１９１３年成立后的近三十年里，投入了大量资金资助中国的医学与科学教育及研究，其活动产生了广泛而深远的影响。洛氏基金会在中国的活动可分为两个阶段：１９３５年之前它主要致力于建设著名的北京协和医学院及资助作为现代医学之基础的各门自然科学的教育。自１９３５年起它参与了中国的乡村改造实验，并转而关注社会科学和农业科学。尽管数十年中洛氏基金会对中国的政策几经变迁，但无论具体工作如何变化，它们背后的一个雄心勃勃的大目标却贯彻始终，即影响中国的现代化进程，按照美国的理想来改造中国文化，而基金会采取的具体方法则反映了当时美国人对科学与广义的文化之间的关系，科学解决社会问题的潜力，如何才能最有效地促进科学的发展等一系列问题的认识。因此，洛克菲勒基金会在中国资助科学活动的历史对中国科学史、美国科学史、中美文化关系史等领域的研究都可以提供有价值的材料。In the three decades after its establishment in 1913, the Rockefeller Foundation spent a large amount of money to fund education and research of medicine and science in China. Its work achieved far reaching impacts. The foundation's involvement in China can be divided into two phases: before 1935, it was absorbed in the task of building up and maintaining the Peking Union Medical College; after 1935, it became involved in experiments with rural reconstruction, and then turned its attention to social and agricultural sciences. Despite all the major and minor changes in its policy for China over the years, the foundation seems to have maintained a consistent, ambitious goal: to influence China's modernization process and to transform its culture according to American ideals. The actual programmes it chose to realize its goals reflected Americans' views at the time on such issues as the relationship between science and culture in the broad sense, the potential of modern science for solving social problems, and the most effective ways of promoting scientific development. Therefore, the history of Rockefeller Foundation's patronage of science in China can offer valuable materials for the study of history of Chinese science, American science, and the cultural relation of the two countries.

关 键 词：洛克菲勒基金会 美国 协和医学院 乡村改造 中国 文化关系史 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]