一次典型超级单体风暴的多普勒天气雷达观测分析  

ANALYSIS OF A STRONG CLASSIC SUPERCELL STORM WITH DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR DATA

作　　者：郑媛媛[1] 俞小鼎[2] 方翀[1] 鲍文中[1] 谢亦峰[1] 周昆[1] 陆大春[1] 刘勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省气象台,合肥230061 [2]中国气象局培训中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气象学报》2004年第3期317-328,共12页Acta Meteorologica Sinica

基　　金：中国气象局课题"安徽省准河流域梅雨期 (雨季 )中尺度系统发生;发展及预报方法研究";安徽省气象局课题"省短时灾害性天气预警系统";教育部优秀年轻教师研究基金

摘　　要：文中利用位于安徽合肥的S波段多普勒天气雷达资料 ,对 2 0 0 2年 5月 2 7日 1 4～ 2 0时发生在皖北地区的一次典型的超级单体风暴过程进行了详细的分析。此次超级单体南边出现两条明显的出流边界 ,一条位于钩状回波的西南 ,一条位于钩状回波的东南。超级单体左前方的低层反射率因子呈现明显的倒“V”字型结构 ,这也是超级单体风暴的典型特征之一。沿入流方向穿过最强回波位置的反射率因子垂直剖面呈现出典型的有界弱回波区 (穹隆 )、强大的回波悬垂和有界弱回波区左侧的回波墙。最大的回波强度出现在沿着回波墙的一个竖直的狭长区域 ,其值超过 70dBz。相应的中低层径向速度图呈现一个强烈的中气旋 ,旋转速度达到 2 2m/s。风暴顶为强烈辐散 ,正负速度差值达 6 3m/s。相应的垂直累积液态水含量和密度分别超过 70kg/m2 和 5 g/m3 。因此 ,该风暴具有强烈超级单体风暴的典型特征。该超级单体的移动方向在盛行风向的右侧约 30°。In the paper, a detailed analysis is made, by using the Hefei Doppler Weather Radar data on a strong classic supercell storm which occurred on 27 May 2002 in the north of Anhui province. This supercell storm originated from a multicell storm which first appeared at 13:20 on 27 May 2002 between the Haozhou and Woyang county in the northwest of Anhui. The storm moved in southeast east direction during the following several hours. Around 16:00, the storm evolved into the supercell storm, and remained as a supercell for the following 1 hour. After 17:00, it lost its supercell identity and evolved into a squall line. The squall line moved into north Jiangsu province around 21:00. At 16:55, the supercell storm attained its maximum strength, located near Bengbu city. The detailed structure of the supercell at this moment is analyzed in the paper. On the low elevation reflectivity maps, a typical hook echo appeared at the right rear flank of the storm and the maximum reflectivity was over 70 dBz. Violent gust wind and severe hail was observed in Bengbu city. There were two outflow associated with the supercell, lying to the southwest and southeast of the storm, respectively. The shape of the front flank of the supercell was an inverted 'V', which was also a typical feature of supercell storm. Along the low level inflow and cross the maximum reflectivity core, a vertical cross section of the reflectivity was made, which displayed a large BWER (vault), extensive and strong echo overhang and the echo wall to the left of the BWER. The maximum reflectivity was within a narrow vertical zone along the echo wall, with the value over 70 dBz. The corresponding low to middle elevations radial velocity maps showed a strong mesocyclone, with rotation velocity over 22 m/s. At the top of the supercell storm, strong divergence was existing , with the difference between the positive and negative velocity attaining 63 m/s. Hence, this storm possessed almost all typical features of supercell hailstorms. Although only 11 mm diameter

关 键 词：超级单体风暴 有界弱回波区 中气旋 大冰雹 天气雷达 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]