茶树根际微生物研究  

Microbes studies of tea rhizosphere

作　　者：孙海新[1] 刘训理[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院,泰安271018

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第7期1353-1357,共5页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：山东省科技攻关计划资助项目 ( 0 2 2 0 10 10 10 2 )~~

摘　　要：利用选择性培养基 ,对土壤肥力肥沃、中等、贫瘠茶园的茶树根际细菌、真菌和放线菌进行了分离。根据菌体形态及培养特征、生理生化指标、DNA的 G+Cm ol%值等 ,对根际细菌进行了鉴定和分类。研究了不同肥力、不同茶龄的茶园根际细菌的数量和类群的变化 ;根际真菌的数量变化 ;根际放线菌的数量变化。主要结果为 :土壤肥沃的茶园根际细菌的数量最多 ,土壤贫瘠的茶园数量最少 ;相同土壤肥力的茶园 ,1 0年生茶园根际细菌的数量最多 ,4年生的次之 ,2 0年生的最少。根际真菌的数量 ,土壤肥沃茶园的较少 ,中等和贫瘠茶园的较多。根际放线菌的数量 ,2 0年生茶园的明显高于 4年生和 1 0年生茶园的 ,而且 ,土壤贫瘠茶园的数量较多。从 9种不同类型茶园中分离获得的纯化细菌经鉴定分别属于 2 0个属 ,中等肥力的茶园最适于多数细菌的生长与繁殖 ,类群最为丰富 ,但类群的优势度低于另外两种土壤 ;不同茶龄的茶园随着茶龄的增加 ,肥沃茶园和中等茶园的根际中有较多的细菌类群定殖 ,但 2 0 a茶龄的类群较少 ;Rhizosphere bacteria, fungi and actinomyces were isolated from rich, normal, and poor soil samples from various types of tea plantations and their population densities and species distributions were studied. The results indicated that rich tea plantation soils had higher rhizosphere microbe population densities than poor tea plantation soils. In the tea plantations of similar fertility, the population density of rhizosphere bacteria varied with cultivation age of the plantations, following a pattern of 10 year>4 year>20 year. The population density of rhizosphere fungi in rich tea plantations was more than that in normal and poor tea plantations. The population density of actinomyces in 20-year tea plantations was significantly higher than that in 4-or 10-year tea plantations; and moreover, poor tea plantation soils had the greatest population density of actinomyces. Bacteria isolated from various tea plantations were classified into 20 genera. Results from rhizosphere microbe identification and diversity analysis indicated that in rich soil, the diversity index, the richness index, and the domination index of rhizosphere bacteria varied with cultivation age of the plantations, following a pattern of 10 year>4 year>20 year; however, the evenness index varied with cultivation age of the plantations, following a pattern of 20 year>4 year>10 year. In the normal tea plantations, the diversity index and the richness index varied with cultivation age of the plantations, following a pattern of 10 year>4 year>20 year; while both the domination index and the evenness index showed a pattern of 20 years>4 year>10 year. In poor tea plantation soils, the diversity index, richness index and evenness index gradually diminished with the increase of the cultivation age while the domination index increased gradually with the increase of the cultivation age. In 4-year tea plantations, normal soils had the highest diversity index, rich soils the second, and poor soils the smallest; rich and normal soils had similar richness indexe

关 键 词：茶树 根际微生物 多样性 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]