岷山地区大熊猫生境评价与保护对策研究  

An assessment of giant panda habitat in Minshan, Sichuan, China

作　　者：肖燚[1] 欧阳志云[1] 朱春全[2] 赵景柱[1] 何国金[3] 王效科[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]世界自然基金会,北京100000 [3]中国科学院中国遥感卫星地面站,北京100086

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第7期1373-1379,i004,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：世界自然基金会 ( WWF)岷山森林景观保护资助项目 ;国家科技部 973资助项目 ( G2 0 0 0 0 4680 7) ;国家基金创新群体 ( 4 0 3 2 110 1)~~

摘　　要：综合运用大熊猫生物学与行为生态学研究成果、遥感数据分析与地理信息系统技术 ,在系统研究岷山地区大熊猫生境分布、生境质量与空间格局的基础上 ,明确岷山地区保护大熊猫的关键区域 ,分析岷山地区大熊猫保护与自然保护区建设的对策 ,以期为岷山地区大熊猫保护及其与岷山地区资源开发与发展的协调提供依据。遥感数据分析结果表明 ,岷山地区以森林为主 ,各类森林面积 1 91 790 3.4 4 hm2 ,占 5 5 .4 2 % ,将与大熊猫生境密切相关的森林植被分为常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林、亚高山针叶林等 ,其中亚高山针叶林面积 5 380 4 9.6 4 hm2 ,占全部森林的占 2 8.0 5 % ,落叶阔叶林面积 4 6 1 35 5 .6 7hm2 ,占2 4 .0 6 % ,针阔混交林面积 4 0 30 36 .2 6 hm2 ,占 2 1 .0 1 %。结果表明岷山地区有大熊猫潜在生境 1 32 3789.1 5 hm2 ,由于森林资源利用、交通、农业活动影响、居民薪柴砍伐 ,以及生境破碎化与生境隔离等导致的生境丧失 5 5 341 3.4 5 hm2 ,目前尚存的大熊猫适宜生境 770 375 .7hm2 ,由于交通等隔离而成为至少 5个相互分隔的生境单元 ,大熊猫种群交流受到严重阻碍。为了有效地保护岷山大熊猫 ,首先应充分注意到各种人类活动 ,尤其交通的建设对大熊猫生境的影响 ;其次要扩大自然保护区范围 ,Habitat degradation and lost has been widely recognized as the main cause of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) population decline. Habitat research plays an essential role in wildlife conservation. The Minshan area locates at the northwest of Sichuan Basin, covers 3 460 755.39 hectare of forests and other habitats, and preserves approximately 37% of giant panda habitat and 46% of its wild population. It is well known as one of the hot regions for biodiversity conservation in China and the World, and the key area for conserving the endangered giant pandas, based on ETM and GIS spatial modelling. We made a systematical study on the panda habitat distribution, habitat quality, spatial pattern and habitat protection measures in Minshan area. In the study, land use and land cover, firstly, were analyzed based on ETM data in 2000～2001. Then, the main factors that influenced the panda habitat quality were identified, and the habitat assessment criteria was set up applying biology and behavior ecology knowledge of giant panda, and data analysis of the giant panda survey in 2001. Thirdly, the habitat distribution and habitat quality were assessed based on the combination of land cover, elevation, slope and the impact of human activities, and landscape pattern of habitat was calculated and analyzed by aid of FRAGSTAT. The result showed that forests, including sub-alpine coniferous forests, mixed deciduous-coniferous forests, deciduous forests and evergreen forests, were the dominated land cover in Minshan area. There were forest area 1 917 903.44hm^2, about 55.42% of the total area. The potential habitat for giant panda covered an area of 1 323 789.15 hm^2, and 553 413.45 hm^2 habitats were lost due to forest resources utilization, transportation, agricultural activities and resident firewood collection. The present suitable habitat is 770 375.7 hm^2 that has been divided into at least 5 pieces of disjunctive habitat unit by transportation and other factors. The research also suggested that the panda habitat in Min

关 键 词：大熊猫 生境评价 岷山 生物多样性保护 

分 类 号：S863[农业科学—野生动物驯养]