日本稻蝗、中华稻蝗和赤胫伪稻蝗地理种群的RAPD遗传分化研究  

RAPD analysis of genetic divergence among populations of Oxya japonica, O. chinensis and Pseudoxya diminuta

作　　者：张建珍[1] 郭亚平[1] 段毅豪[2] 马恩波[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学生命科学与技术学院,太原030006 [2]山西大学环境与资源学院,太原030006

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第7期1399-1405,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3 0 0 70 112 ;3 0 170 612 ) ;山西省自然科学基金资助项目 ( 9910 96)~~

摘　　要：运用 1 0个 RAPD引物对日本稻蝗 (Oxya japonica)、中华稻蝗 (Oxya chinensis)和赤胫伪稻蝗 (Pseudoxya diminuta)的种群遗传分化进行分析。 1 0个随机引物共产生 1 35条带 ,扩增谱带具有明显的属、种间多态性。Shannon信息指数表明中华稻蝗遗传多样性水平较高 (2 .6 93) ,日本稻蝗次之 (2 .31 9) ,赤胫伪稻蝗最低 (1 .0 4 2 )。中华稻蝗和日本稻蝗的不同地理居群出现遗传分化 ,由 Shannon信息指数估算的种群间遗传分化系数分别为 2 0 .7% ,4 2 .4 %。用 UPGMA和 NJ法对 Nei's遗传距离作聚类分析 ,构建分子系统树。系统树显示 :同一种群的不同个体优先相聚 ,而后 ,同一种的不同种群依次相聚 ;日本稻蝗广西南宁种群和广东广州种群首先聚为一支 ,陕西西安种群和浙江杭州种群聚为另一支 ,两支相聚后与中华稻蝗聚在一起 ,最后与赤胫伪稻蝗相聚。聚类结果表明 :不同地域日本稻蝗亲缘关系的远近与地理距离呈现一定的相关趋势 ,日本稻蝗与中华稻蝗亲缘关系较近 ,Nei's遗传距离平均为 0 .1 4 2 ,而赤胫伪稻蝗与它们关系较远 ,Nei's遗传距离平均为 0 .4 5 1。The genetic divergence among 4 populations of Oxya japonica, 2 populations of O. chinensis and 1 population of Pseudoxya diminuta were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The modified saturated NaCl protocol was developed in this study to extract DNA from the tissue samples fixed in anhydrous ethanol and from dry specimens. Nucleic acids extracted from 60 individuals were then amplified using 10 oligonucleotide primers, each of 10 nucleotides in length. The agarose gel electrophoreses revealed 135 clear and stable bands with molecular weight ranging from 200 to 2500 bps. In average each primer yielded about 8 (3~9) bands per individual. The RAPD patterns demonstrated consistent polymorphisms according to population, species and genus. For P. diminuta 75% bands were commonly shared by the individuals within a population, suggesting the low genetic polymorphic level. Meanwhile, 7.5% bands were shared by the individuals among 4 populations of O. japonica. The percentage of the common bands among populations is much higher than the shared bands between O. chinensis and O. japonica, and no shared bands were observed among P. diminuta, O. japonica and O. chinensis. Shannon 's index showed higher genetic diversity (2.693) within O. chinensis, and the genetic diversity of (O. japonica) (2.319) was close to O. chinensis, while P. diminuta had the lowest level (1.042). The dendrogram based on Nei's genetic distance of RAPD markers was constructed using UPGMA and Neighbor-Joining, indicated high within-population similarities. The clustering followed the order of, first the individuals within a population, then the different populations of the same species, later the species of the same genus, and finally the species among genera. The four populations of O. Japonica fell into 2 branches, two geographically close populations both from Southern China were clustered into one branch, while the other two distant populations were grouped to another branch. The species of O. japonica then was clustere

关 键 词：日本稻蝗 中华稻蝗 赤胫伪稻蝗 RAPD分析 遗传分化 

分 类 号：S435.11[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]