热带人工橡胶林林冠截留雾水的边缘效应研究  

Edge effect of intercepted fog water by forest canopy at a rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

作　　者：刘文杰[1,2] 张一平[1] 李红梅[1] 刘玉洪[1] 段文平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第7期1430-1435,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3 0 10 0 0 19) ;云南省应用基础研究基金资助项目 ( 2 0 0 1C0 0 2 3 Q;2 0 0 3 C0 0 0 9Z) ;国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目 ( 2 0 0 3 CB415 10 0 )~~

摘　　要：利用 2 0 0 1年 1 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 1 0月的林缘和林内雾水截留及相关环境因子观测资料 ,对西双版纳热带人工橡胶林林冠截留雾水的边缘效应进行了研究。西双版纳热带人工橡胶林内的雾日数及雾日频率呈现明显的季节变化 ,全年雾日数可达 1 72 d,其中雾季 (1 1～翌年 2月份 )的雾日数及雾日频率最多 (高 ) ,月均雾日数可达 2 3d(76 .7% )。由林缘至林内 ,年雾水截留量在迎风面和背风面均呈现指数形式急剧减小 ,二者均是在林缘最边行外测的林冠下 (0 m处 )达到最大 ,分别为 4 1 .1 mm和 2 4 .3mm。迎风面和背风面林缘 0 m处的雾水截留量分别是林内雾水截留量 (1 6 .2 mm )的 2 .5倍和 1 .5倍。迎风面雾水截留在林内约 2 5 m处趋于稳定 ,而背风面在林内约 1 5 m处趋于稳定。林缘处的雾水截留量与日 0 :0 0～ 1 0 :0 0平均风速呈显著的正相关(P<0 .0 1 )。风速大 ,则雾水截留的边缘效应向林内越深入 ,且空间变异性减小。相对于迎风面林缘 0 m处的雾水截留而言 ,大的风速将削弱林内和林缘雾水截留量的差别 。Xishuangbanna is located at the northern edge of the distribution of tropical forest in Southeast Asia, and it has a very high frequency of radiation fog, especially during the dry season (November～April). Radiation fog events in this site are generally associated with low wind speeds and region-wide air mass stagnation resulting from strong nighttime radiative cooling. Intercepted fog water by forest canopy from both the windward edge and leeward edge to the interior of the forest and related microclimatic factors were measured during November 2001 and October 2002 at a rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantation in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. The object of the study is to determine whether the windward edge and leeward edge of forest floor receives greater deposition of fog water than the interior of the forest. Bottle-funnel collectors were used to determine daily amount of intercepted fog water during fog-only events along windward and leeward transects in the rubber plantation. Related microclimatic variables including air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and rainfall were also recorded by a meteorological observation system (MAOS-1) mounted on a 31 m meteorological tower in the study stand. The number of fog days was extremely higher inside the rubber plantation, with 172 days per year. The fog frequency was up to 76.7% in the foggy season (November～February). During the study period, an absolute amount of annual intercepted fog water in the rubber plantation was up to 16.2 mm. Annual intercepted fog water varied dramatically and decreased exponentially from the windward and leeward edge to the interior of the forest. Intercepted fog water at the edge of the forest was on average 1.5 to 2.5 times, and up to 9 times, greater than that in the interior of the forest. The intercepted fog water “stable-distance”, i.e. the point at which the fog water interception is generally no change within the forest edge farther, was found to be 25 m for the windward edge and, 15 m for the l

关 键 词：截留雾水 林冠 边缘效应 人工橡胶林 西双版纳 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]