小叶锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿的生态和水分调节特性比较研究  

The comparison studies of ecological and water regulation characteristics of Caragana microphylla and Caragana stenophylla

作　　者：马成仓[1] 高玉葆[1] 蒋福全[2] 王金龙[1] 郭宏宇[1] 吴建波[1] 苏丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学生命科学学院,天津300071 [2]淮北煤炭师范学院生物学系,安徽淮北235000

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第7期1442-1451,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目 ( G2 0 0 0 0 1860 1)~~

摘　　要：对锦鸡儿属羽状叶类群的代表植物——小叶锦鸡儿和假掌状叶类群的代表植物——狭叶锦鸡儿的地理分布、生长发育、形态结构、渗透调节和水分代谢进行了比较研究。小叶锦鸡儿在内蒙古高原分布于东起呼伦贝尔 (1 2 4 .0 0°E)西至达茂旗(1 1 0 .4 3°E)的半湿润至半干旱地区 ,生长发育最适地区是锡林浩特 ;狭叶锦鸡儿在内蒙古高原分布于东起锡林浩特 (1 1 6 .0 7°E)西至阿拉善 (98°E)的半干旱至极干旱地区 ,生长发育最适地区是阿拉善。这种分布格局和生长发育适应性说明 ,狭叶锦鸡儿比小叶锦鸡儿更适宜干旱环境。小叶锦鸡儿叶片平展、被绿色柔毛 ,有时上面近无毛 ,狭叶锦鸡儿叶片呈瓦状、被粉白色柔毛 ;狭叶锦鸡儿叶片厚度 /面积比值和长 /宽比值大于小叶锦鸡儿 ,叶片生物量小于小叶锦鸡儿。这些特性使狭叶锦鸡儿比小叶锦鸡儿保水能力强。由于狭叶锦鸡儿的渗透调节物质浓度大于小叶锦鸡儿 ,导致细胞渗透势低于小叶锦鸡儿 ;狭叶锦鸡儿叶含水量低于小叶锦鸡儿 ,束缚水 /自由水比值大于小叶锦鸡儿 ;狭叶锦鸡儿叶水势低于小叶锦鸡儿。这些特性表明狭叶锦鸡儿比小叶锦鸡儿渗透调节能力强。狭叶锦鸡儿的蒸腾速率和日蒸腾积累值均小于小叶锦鸡儿 ,水分利用效率高于小叶锦鸡儿。由于叶形态变异。The studies of specific evolution of genus Caragana demonstrate that pinnately compound leaf group is preliminary, and pseudo-palmately compound leaf group belongs to the relative evolved. Pinnately compound leaf group gradually evolved into pseudo-palmately compound leaf group with the increase in the degree of drought. This point of view is based on studies of the geographical distribution and the morphological characteristics of plants, but lacks physiological and biochemical proof. The characteristics of geographical distribution, growth and development, morphological structure, osmotic adjustment, and water metabolism of Caragana microphylla (a typical species of pinnately compound leaf group), and Caragana stenophylla ((a typical) species of pseudo-palmately compound leaf group), were compared and studied in this paper. First, by comparing the geographical distribution, growth and development of C. microphylla and C. stenophylla, we found that C. microphylla was distributed in the sub-humid and semi-arid regions from the east in Hulunbeier (124.00°E) to the west in Damao Banner (110.43°E). The most adaptive region for growth and development was Xilinhaote, which had climate conditions as (following: 281mm) annual precipitation, 2.35℃ annual average temperature, 2932h sun time, and 3.70% soil water content. (C. stenophylla) was distributed in the semi-arid and intensive drought regions from the east in Xilinhaote (116.07°E) to the west in Alashan (98°E). The most adaptive region for growth and development was Alashan, which had climate conditions as following: 110mm annual precipitation, 7.80℃ annual average temperature, 3200h sun time, and 1.73% soil water content. These characters of geographical distribution, growth and development demonstrated that C. stenophylla adapted better to arid environment than C. microphylla. Second, by comparing the morphological structure of these two species of Caragana, we found that the leaf of C. microphylla was flat with green villi, while the leaf of C. stenophyl

关 键 词：小叶锦鸡儿 狭叶锦鸡儿 地理分布 生长发育 形态结构 渗透调节 水分代谢 干旱适应性 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]