城市生态支持系统瓶颈分析方法及应用研究  

An analytical method on limiting factors of urban ecological supporting system and its application to Guangzhou City

作　　者：胡廷兰[1] 何孟常[1] 杨志峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第7期1493-1499,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：高等学校优秀青年教师教学科研奖励计划资助项目 ( 2 0 0 2 )~~

摘　　要：城市是由社会、经济和自然 3个子系统构成的复合生态系统 ,城市的发展需要凭借城市生态支持系统的支撑。城市生态支持系统由多个因子组成 ,瓶颈要素是城市生态支持系统中阻碍和制约城市发展的因子。基于供需平衡原理 ,建立了以瓶颈指数和瓶颈等级为基础的瓶颈要素评价方法 ,并采用此方法对不同情景下各目标年广州城市生态支持系统瓶颈要素进行了辨识。分析结果表明 ,在当前资源利用及环境保护水平情景下 ,广州市城市生态支持系统不能适应广州城市未来的发展 ,对城市发展的制约作用十分明显 ;在实施生态调控策略情景下 ,瓶颈要素的制约作用有所缓解 ,广州城市生态支持系统支撑能力得到极大扩展 。A City is a complex ecosystem comprising social, economic and natural subsystems. Its development depends on the integrity of Urban Ecological Supporting System (UESS). However traditional urban planning either neglected the ecological research or isolated the individual factors of UESS rather than considering the UESS’s whole state in setting developing goals and resources allocation. Sustainable development theory requires careful consideration of the capacity of earth’s life supporting system. It is important to harmonize the relationships between man and nature using a systems approach to the carrying capacity of UESS. This paper characterized the dynamics of UESS and proposed an assessing method of limiting factor based on supply and demand theory, which indicates that there are three relations between a commodity’s supply and demand. Limiting indices for resource and environmental factors were established accordingly for they have different supply and demand attribute. Resource factors’ effects to urban ecosystem can be expressed directly in factors’ quantity. Thus the limiting indices for resource factors were established by the contrasting of scarcity to demand. For some environmental factors with national, regional or industrial guiding standards such as forestland, urban vegetation, energy structure and so on, the limiting indices were set up by the difference of the factor’s state to its standard value. For air and water environment, this paper developed the limiting indices through contrasting of residual environmental carrying capacity to total environmental carrying capacity. Also, the limiting effect was quantified with a scale of 5 grades from grade Ⅰ to grade Ⅴ, with grade Ⅰ indicating the strongest limiting effect and grade Ⅴ none. The grade of each factor was established based on Delphi Method. Two methods of limiting factors controlling and regulating were proposed. One is to control the demand and the other is to expand the supply. The method was applied to a case study

关 键 词：城市生态支持系统 瓶颈因素 

分 类 号：TU985[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]