有机无机肥长期配合施用对冬小麦籽粒品质的影响  

Effects of long-term application of manure and fertilizers on grain quality and yield of winter wheat

作　　者：姜东[1] 戴廷波[1] 荆奇[1] 曹卫星1 周琴[1] 赵辉[1] 范雪梅[1] 陈荣振 冯国华 刘东涛 张爱君 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业部作物生长调控重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏省徐州农科所,江苏徐州221121

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第7期1548-1555,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3 0 170 5 44 ) ;江苏省自然科学基金资助项目 ( BK2 0 0 2 2 0 5 )~~

摘　　要：提高籽粒品质和产量是当前国内小麦生产的核心。小麦品质和产量取决于基因型、生态环境 (如土壤肥力等 )和栽培技术(尤其是养分管理技术 )。长期肥料试验是研究养分管理对小麦产量和品质影响的有效手段 ,迄今 ,长期施肥对小麦产量的影响报道很多 ,但对籽粒品质的影响报道很少。在 2 0 a长期定位肥料试验的基础上 ,研究了有机无机肥长期配合施用对不同类型小麦籽粒品质性状的影响。结果表明 ,有机肥主效应对小麦籽粒产量有显著作用 ,而对大部分品质指标无影响 ;无机肥处理主效应及有机无机肥交互效应对籽粒产量和大部分品质性状均有显著影响。有机无机肥料配合施用与单施无机肥处理相比提高了小麦大部分品质性状 ,有利于强筋小麦籽粒产量和品质的同步提高 ,但不利于弱筋小麦品质的改善。The improvement of grain quality and yield is key in China's wheat production. Both grain quality and yield depend on used genotype, growth conditions including soil fertility, as well as crop management, especially nutrient management. Long-term fertility experiments facilitate research on the effects of nutrient management on wheat yield and quality. The long-term effects of nutrient management on wheat yield have been reported in literatures, but effects on grain quality are less known. In the present paper, a 20-year nutrient management experiment with wheat-maize double cropping system was used to investigate the effects of manure and fertilizers on grain yield and quality in different winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, during three growing seasons from 2000 to 2003. The eight nutrient management treatments included: a control without supply of external nutrients (CK), only N fertilizer (N), N and P fertilizer (NP), N, P and K fertilizer (NPK), only manure (M), manure and N fertilizer (MN), manure and N and P fertilizer (MNP), manure and N, P and K fertilizer (MNPK). In the 2000～2001 season, the gluten rich cultivars Wanmai 38 and Yan 2801 were used, while in 2001～2002 and 2003～2003, the gluten rich cultivars Yan 2801, Xuzhou 26 and the gluten poor cultivar Xuzhou 25 were used. The main effect of manure was significant for grain yield, while it was insignificant for most quality traits. The main effects of fertilizer and the interaction between manure and fertilizer were significant on both grain yield and major grain quality traits. The long-term application of manure in combination with fertilizers had more effect on most of the quality traits compared to the fertilizer treatments only. The results indicate that the combined use of organic and inorganic nutrient sources favors the quality of gluten rich wheat varieties, but reduces the quality of gluten poor wheat varieties. Soil organic matter, total N, available P and available K in the soil were not correlated with the major grain qual

关 键 词：冬小麦 品质 有机无机肥配合 长期施用 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]