炸药爆轰制备纳米石墨粉储放氢性能实验研究  

Experimental study on the hydrogen storage and release in nano-graphite synthesized by explosive detonation

作　　者：文潮[1] 金志浩[1] 李迅[2] 孙德玉[2] 关锦清[2] 刘晓新[2] 林英睿[2] 唐仕英[2] 周刚[2] 林俊德[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学金属材料强度国家重点实验室,西安710049 [2]西北核技术研究所,西安710024

出　　处：《物理学报》2004年第7期2384-2388,共5页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (批准号 :G2 0 0 0 0 2 64 0 3 )资助的课题~~

摘　　要：介绍了一种新的制备纳米石墨粉的方法———炸药爆轰法 .通过对爆轰合成的黑色粉末进行x射线衍射分析 ,确认其为六方结构的纳米石墨 ,平均晶粒度为 1 86— 2 6 1nm .用BET气体吸附仪测试纳米石墨粉的比表面积约为5 0 0— 6 5 0m2 g,由比表面积计算得到的纳米石墨粒度为 4 4 1— 6 85nm .在室温 (≈ 2 90K)和 12MPa压力条件下对纳米石墨粉进行储放氢气性能测试 ,结果表明纳米石墨粉样品的储放氢量为 0 33wt%— 0 37wt% .在相同实验条件下 ,纳米石墨粉原始样品的储放氢能力较原始纳米炭纤维 (0 15wt%— 0 35wt% )和多壁碳纳米管 (0 15wt%— 0 2 0wt% )的储放氢能力略强 ,但低于超级活性炭 (0 92wt%— 0 98wt% ) .纳米碳材料的比表面积在其储放氢实验中起关键作用 .In this article, synthesis of nano-graphite powders using pure TNT ( trinitrotoluene )explosives is reported. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the detonation product has a hexagonal-graphite structure and the average size of the particles of graphite is 1.86—2.61nm. Specific surface area of nano-graphite is about 500—650m2/g measured by BET gas sorption instrument.Crystal grain size of the nano-graphite calculated is 4.41—6.85nm by its specific surface area. A hydrogen storage and release capacity of 0.33—0.37 weight at room temperature under a modestly high pressure (12MPa) for untreated nano-graphite samples synthesized under different conditions. Under the same condition, the capacity of hydrogen storage and release of untreated carbon nanofibers、multi-walled carbon nanotubes and super-active carbon is 0.15wt%—0.35wt%,0.15wt%—0.20wt%,0.92wt%—0.98wt%,respectively.The specific surface area of carbon nanostructured materials is the most important factor in its hydrogen storage and release.

关 键 词：纳米石墨粉 炸药爆轰法 比表面积 储放氢量 X射线衍射分析 

分 类 号：TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]