斯大林模式:未能正确处理同资本主义的关系——苏联解体原因新探  

The Stalin Model: Failure to Handle Correctly Relations with Capitalism

作　　者：刘克明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2004年第4期2-9,共8页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

摘　　要：“军事共产主义”是俄共尝试向共产主义直接过渡的探索 ,但实践证明 ,这是一个错误。为了纠正错误 ,在列宁领导下 ,实现了由“军事共产主义”向“新经济政策”的转变。这是列宁利用资本主义 ,把俄国引向社会主义的一次成功实践。列宁去世后 ,联共 (布 )领导层中围绕社会主义道路问题展开了激烈争论。以斯大林为首的一派提出超越阶段直接向社会主义过渡 ,新经济政策随之被抛弃。斯大林提出两个平行的、也是互相对立的世界市场理论。在这一理论的引导下 ,苏联与世界资本主义体系严重对立 ,封闭保守 ,拒绝对外开放 ,排斥西方的科技成果和管理经验 ,长期同美国进行军备竞赛 ,把苏联经济搞成了一种军事化以至超军事化的经济。这种经济模式严重畸形 ,消费品经常短缺 ,人民生活水平日益下降 ,引起群众不满。苏联人民对这个“穷过渡”的社会主义制度垮台、对苏联解体反应十分淡漠。Military communism' was a probe of the Russian Communist Party to directly transit into communism. But practice proved it was a mistake. To correct the mistake, under Lenin's leadership, 'military communism ' was transferred to 'New Economic Policy.' This was a successful practice in which Lenin utilized capitalism to lead Russia to socialism. After the death of Lenin, the leadership of the Soviet Communist Party had a heated debate on the road of socialism.The faction led by Stalin advocated direct transition towards socialism transcending the stage of development. Soon afterwards, the New Economic Policy was abandoned. Stalin raised the theory of two parallel or mutually antagonistic world markets. Under this theory, the Soviet Union was seriously antagonistic to the world capitalist system, closed itself up in conservatism and refused to open up to the outside world, excluding Western S&T results and management experience. Long engaged in arms race with the United States, the Soviet economy was turned into a militarized or even ultra-militarized economy.Such an economic model, seriously deformed, featured constant shortages of consumer goods and declining people's living standard, thus arousing discontent among the masses. The Soviet people were very indifferent to the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the collapse of the socialist system characterized by forceful transition despite poverty.

关 键 词：斯大林 资本主义 苏联 军事共产主义 新经济政策 是列宁 社会主义 分配制度 

分 类 号：F151.2[经济管理—世界经济]