秸秆和氮肥配合施用对高肥力土壤烤烟产量和品质的影响  

Effect of Combined Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer and WheatStraw on Yield and Quality of Flue cured Tobacco in Fertile Soil

作　　者：瞿兴[1] 王毅 左天龙[1] 崔永和[1] 耿明建[3] 付丽波[4] 洪丽芳[4] 

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草公司玉溪支公司,玉溪653100 [2]云南省红塔集团,玉溪653100 [3]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [4]云南省农科院土壤肥料研究所,昆明650205

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2004年第4期426-430,共5页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：云南省烟草公司项目 (0 0A19);云南省科委"省院省校"项目 (Y0 0 84)资助

摘　　要：在高肥力植烟土壤上研究施用小麦秸秆对烤烟主要农艺性状、产量、品质和病害发生率的影响。结果表明 ,施氮 30kg/hm2 及 6 0kg/hm2 时 ,加秸秆处理比不加秸秆处理分别增产烟叶 12 .2 %和 13.9% ,增加净收益 4 7.6 5 %和 39.2 5 % ,差异均达显著水平。在不同氮水平下 ,加秸秆处理比不加秸秆处理增加烟株茎围和可采收叶片数 ,降低烟株炭疽病及赤星病发生率 ,还可提高下、中、上部烟叶中总糖含量 ,降低烟碱、总氮及蛋白质含量 ,并使香气质、香气量、杂气、余味和刺激性等指标优于不加秸秆处理 ,使评吸总分值高于不加秸秆处理 0 .5～2 .5分 ,高于对照处理 4 .8～ 8.5分。综合各项分析结果认为施用秸秆并配施适量化肥是一项调控高肥力植烟土壤氮素过剩的有效措施。Effects of combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and wheat straw on main agronomic traits, yield, quality and disease occurrence of flue cured tobacco in fertile soil were studied. When 30 kg /hm 2 and 60 kg /hm 2 nitrogen fertilizer was applied in fertile soil, the yield of flue cured tobacco on the soil alreadly applied with wheat straw was 12.2% and 13.9% longer than that on the soil with no straw treatment, and the output of the former was 47.65% and 39.25% more than that of the latter respectively. At different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application, the wheat straw treatment increased the stem perimeter and the number of harvested tobacco leaves, reduced the occurrence of disease, improved the content of total sugar in lower, middle and upper leaves, and depressed the content of nicotine, total nitrogen and protein of these leaves. Applying wheat straw in fertile soil also improved the quality of flue cured tobacco . All these suggest a combined application of proper nitrogen fertilizer and wheat straw was a good measure that may prevent exceed supply of nitrogen at mature stage of tobacco in fertile soil.

关 键 词：秸秆 氮肥 配合施用 烤烟 农艺性状 产量 品质 高肥力土壤 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]