山西湿地生态环境退化特征及恢复对策  

Eco-environmental Degradation Characteristics of Wetlands in Shanxi and Restoration Strategies

作　　者：张峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学黄土高原研究所生命科学与技术学院,太原030006

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2004年第1期151-153,188,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：山西省留学基金资助项目(2002064)

摘　　要：山西湿地主要分布于各河流流域、湖泊和水库及周围地区,具有分布广泛、类型多样以及生物多样性丰富等特征,主要类型有河口(内陆)湿地、河流湿地、湖泊湿地、水库湿地和沼泽及草甸湿地等,总面积约2146km2。由于人类的不合理利用和自然的原因,导致湿地生态环境退化现象严重,主要表现为:(1)污染严重导致湿地生态环境功能丧失,特别是河流尤为突出;(2)河漫滩和湖泊的过度围垦,加速湿地面积不断萎缩,湿地植被遭到严重破坏;(3)不合理利用和过度捕猎导致生物多样性急剧下降;(4)许多水库的修建使湿地丧失速度加剧;(5)连续多年的干旱导致许多河流成为名副其实的"季节性河流"。最后,提出了山西湿地生态环境恢复的科学对策。The wetlands in Shanxi, composing of various kinds of wetland, located in the valley of rivers, lakes and reservoirs and around the lakes and the reservoirs,which are divided into wetlands in inland estuary, river wetlands, lake wetlands, reservoir wetlands and swamp wetlands and meadow wetlands, totally, their area is (2 146) km^2. The eco-environment characteristics of wetlands in Shanxi are that distribution broadly, types variously and biodiversity abundantly. Because of the invention of human being and natural causes, there are in degradation characteristics for the wetlands in Shanxi in some degree. Those problems mainly are as follows:(1) Serious pollution from coal, chemical engineering and metallurgical enterprises was resulted in the losing of the eco-environment function of wetlands, especially in the rivers.(2) Extra-extensive exploration for the flooding plain and the lakes caused that wetland area was　decreased gradually, and the vegetation of wetland was damaged seriously.(3)Non-reasonable utilizing and extra-prey led to biodiversity decreasing.(4) The building of some reservoirs was one of the important factors speeding the losing of wetland area. (5) The arid climate in Shanxi for more than 30 years led to there was not any water in lots of rivers most time annually, and those rivers became 'season river'. Moreover, the scientific strategy for restoration the eco-environment of wetlands in Shanxi is discussed.

关 键 词：山西 湿地 生态环境 退化特征 恢复对策 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学] P941.78[农业科学—农业基础科学]