锚头鳋科(寄生桡足类)的系统发育  

PHYLOGENY OF THE FAMILY LERNAEIDAE(Parasitic Copepoda)

作　　者：匡溥人 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明动物研究所,650223

出　　处：《Zoological Research》1993年第4期299-306,共8页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：中国科学院分类区系特别支持费的资助

摘　　要：锚头鳋科Lernaeidae是剑水蚤目Cyclopoida中以第1触角短和第1小颚单枝型或退化消失为共同离征的一个自然类群,因此以剑水蚤科Cyclopidae作为外群(out group),把锚头鳋科各属筛选出的性状与剑水蚤科的相应性状比较,以确定其性质,即该性状为祖征,还是离征。经比较,发现21个性状在锚头鳋科11个属中呈镶嵌分布。根据性状的镶嵌分布和简约性原则,推导出锚头鳋科的属间系统发育分支图。The family Lernaeidae forms into a monophyletic group of the order Cyclopoida by the following synapomorphies: the 1st antenna short, 1st maxilla uniramous or disappeared. The family Lernaeidae consists of 12 genera. Among them the genus Areotranchcilus was created by Wilson according to a single discovery. Henceforth no further descriptions have been made and most structures such as antenna, oral appendage, thorax-pods and egg sac have been left unknown. Therefore it is diffcult to be compared with other genera and is not included in the present consideration of phylogenetic reconstruction. The family Cyclopidae is considered here as the outgroup of Lernaeidae. Polarities of characters recognized from all genera of Lernaeidae are determined by comparing to the outgroup Cyclopidae in order to distinguish apomorphic states from plesiomorphic states. Through comparative analysis, 21 characters have been recognized and the states of these characters have shown mosaic distributions among 11 genera of Lernaeidae. Based on the mosaic distributions and of character states and the parsimonious principle, the intergeneric phylogenetic cladogram of Lernaeidae has been reconstructed. Clade I and II comprise the first sister group by 3 characters which show mosaic distributions. Clade 1 consists of 5 genera and clade II of 6 genera. Among 12 genera of Lernaeidae, 7 genera occur in Africa, 7 genera in Asia, 3 genera in America, 2 genera in Europe. The individuals of Lernaeidae are parasitized mainly on the fishes of Osteichthyes, particularly on fishes of Cypriniformes. Tropical Asia and Africa are the diversifying and originating centre of Cypriniformes. The distribution centre of Lernaeidae is situated also in tropical Asia and Africa, and is well agreed to the distribution centre of their hosts. This agreement demonstrates from one aspect the coevolution between parasites and their hosts. The water currents in Qinghai-Tibet plateau usually flow swiftly with a frigid water temperature. So far no individual

关 键 词：剑水蚤目 锚头鳋科 系统发育 祖征 

分 类 号：Q959.340.9[生物学—动物学]