上海市冬季微小气候和照度对办公室人员健康的影响  

Epidemiological Study of Microclimate and Illuminance on the Health of Office Workers in Winter in Shanghai

作　　者：陈纪刚[1] 项翠琴[1] 张云英[1] 章敏华[1] 沈红[1] 张胜年[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2004年第4期227-231,共5页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的　探讨上海市冬季室内微小气候和照度对封闭式空调办公室人员中不良建筑物综合征(SBS)或办公室综合征发生影响的情况和程度。方法　 1 997年和 1 998年冬季 ,在峻工 1 0年以内的 2 7幢办公楼中进行室温、相对湿度和照度的测定 ,并据此分层而成 3组。这些楼内的 84 1名办公室人员亦相应分成 3组 ,分别进行症状出现率、个人症状指数 (PSI)和个人 5项症状指数 (5 PSI)的均值以及眼科、耳鼻喉科和皮肤科检查中体征阳性率的趋势分析 ,研究这些因素的作用。结果　各测定因素与眼和鼻咽喉部刺激体征的阳性率呈显著负相关趋势 ;室温和照度与症状出现率及症状报告指数均呈显著正相关趋势 ,而相对湿度则与之呈显著负相关趋势。结果还表明 ,相对湿度与室温以及相对湿度与照度是两对互为负相关的因素。结论　在人体冬季适宜范围内的室温 (1 3～ 2 0℃ )、相对湿度 (33%～ 82 % )和照度 (95～ 1 80 0lx)条件下 ,测定数值越低 ,眼和鼻咽部刺激体征的标化阳性率越高。相对湿度与另两个测定因素表现的互为负相关。研究提示 ,在流行病学研究中进行症状调查的同时 ,应建立医学检查。Objective To explore the effects of microclimate and illuminance on sick building syndrome(SBS)or office syndrome in the office workers population working in sealed buildings in winter in Shanghai.Methods The temperature,relative humidity and illuminance were measured in 27 office buildings built within 10 years in the winter time of 1997 and 1998.3 categories of buildings were grouped respectively based on the measured values of 3 factors,and 841 office workers working in these buildings were divided into 3 groups respectively based on 3 factors.The appearance rates of symptoms,the personal symptom index(PSI),the 5 personal symptom indexes(5 PSI),and the ophthalmologic,otolaryngological,and dermatological findings were investigated or examined to make the trend analyses.Results The significantly negative correlation trend existed between 3 measured factors and the positive rates of ophthalmologic and otolaryngological irritation symptoms.The significantly positive correlation trend appeared between room temperature and illuminance and the symptom appearance rates and symptom indexes,however,showing negative trend with the relative humidity.The results also showed that the relative humidity and room temperature,and relative humidity and illuminance were two pairs of negatively correlated factors.Conclusions In the ranges of temperature(13～20 ℃),humidity(33%～82%),and luminance(95～1 800 lx)agreeable to human body in winter time,the lower the measured values,the higher the standardized positive rates of ophthalmologic and otolaryngological irritation symptoms.It is suggested that when conducting symptom investigation in epidemiological study,the indications such as medical examination,functional test,or occupational psychological investigation should be established.

关 键 词：办公室综合征 不良建筑物综合征 微小气候 室温 相对湿度 照度 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]