气管切开术后的安全性分类及防险措施  

Security assortment and guarding method after tracheotomy

作　　者：林进潮 王豪[2] 沈志忠[3] 丘华光[3] 

机构地区：[1]汕头市龙湖人民医院耳鼻咽喉科,广东汕头515041 [2]汕头大学医学院第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉科 [3]汕头大学医学院第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉科

出　　处：《临床耳鼻咽喉科杂志》2004年第7期419-420,共2页Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology

摘　　要：目的 :探讨气管切开术后的安全性分类法及相应防范措施 ,以减少气管切开术后因堵管或脱管而致窒息死亡的发生。方法 :346例患者因不同原因行气管切开术 ,依其气管切开以上气道是否阻塞 (包括医源性及病变自身 ) ,结合患者年龄、精神状态及自救能力分为安全类、危险类 (包括永久性和暂时性 )和相对危险类 3型 ;并提出相应的术中治疗对策和术后护理措施。结果 :安全类 16 0例 ;危险类 17例 ,其中永久性危险类 12例 ,暂时性危险类 5例 ;相对危险类 16 9例 ;采用相应的手术对策和护理措施后 ,住院期间所有病例均无套管堵塞及脱管致窒息死亡的发生。结论 :对气管切开术后的安全性分类 ,具有重要的临床指导意义 ,通过采用相应的手术及护理对策 。Objective:To discuss the assortment method of security and to find out measures in order to avoid the asphyxia death owing to obstruction and collapse of canal after tracheotomy.Method:During the period from June 1998 to September 2003,346 patients were operated the tracheotomy for different reasons.Then they were assorted according to the causes if there was an obstruction in superior airway,the patients' mental health, age and the capacity of saving themselves.We divided them into three kinds, which were security, dangerousness (temporalily or permanently) and relative dangerousness.The corresponding methods of operation therapy and nursing care had been proposed.Result:One hundred and sixty cases were the secure kind;17 cases the dangerous kind (12 cases permanently,5 cases temporalily), 169 cases the relatively dangerous kind. After adopting corresponding method of operation and nursing cars, the asphyxia death due to obstruction or collapse of canal didnt happen.Conclusion:The security assortment has significance after tracheotomy for reducing the asphyxia death rate.

关 键 词：气管切开术 安全性 护理 

分 类 号：R653[医药卫生—外科学]