中国核工业职业受照人员的辐射流行病学调查  

RADIOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED WORKERS IN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY OF CHINA

作　　者：孙世荃[1] 李素云[1] 袁丽云[1] 王印章[1] 李伟林[2] 柏惠云 吴企 陈绍嘉 

机构地区：[1]中国辐射防护研究院 [2]苏州医学院215007 [3]中国核工业总公司安全环保卫生部

出　　处：《辐射防护》1993年第4期254-264,共11页Radiation Protection

摘　　要：为了对我国核工业三十年来厂矿放射性工作人员可能出现的职业照射危害进行评价,对中国核工业总公司所属厂矿放射性工作人员进行回顾前瞻性辐射流行病学调查,观察期间1971—1985年,连同对照组共观察40 122人,575 411人年,其中地质-矿山井下组135 916人年,井上(地质)对照组22 818人年;核工厂放射组168 342人年,对照组248 335人年。在部分核工厂还进行了辐射遗传学调查。结果看到,堆工后处理厂及核技术研究部门共6个单位的放射性作业人员个人累积剂量为8.7—150.1mSv,平均57 mSv,与国外核工厂报道结果相似;元件扩散厂的个人累积剂量平均估计5 mSv。核工厂放射性工作人员的癌症,特别是各种非癌症性疾病的死亡率并不高于,实际经常低于对照组和全国居民值,显示出健康人员效应。从受照剂量来看,也说明目前不可能出现可以觉察的癌症增加。检查3.18万名核工厂工作人员的子女,放射组和对照组的遗传性和先天性疾病的发生率未见明显差别。早年核工业铀地质勘探和铀矿山井下氡子体浓度较高。铀地质和铀矿山井下矿工氡子体α潜能累积暴露量为86(到1976年底)和75(到1975年底)WLM,矿工肺癌死亡率大约为一般人群的2倍,单位累积暴露量引起的肺癌相对危险增加值与国外报道结果相近似。This paper reports the results of retrospective-cohort radioepidemiological studieson the possible hazards of workers occupationally exposed to readiation in the uranium andnuclear plants and uranium mines governed by China National Nuclear Corporation.In total,40 122 workers were followed up for 1971—1985,wich is equal to 575 411 persons-years.The per-caput dose of external irradiation for workers in reactor-reprocessing and research u- nits was 57 mSv.For uranium fuel and diffusion plants,it was about 5 mSv,mainly comingfrom internal irradiation of uranium.SMR of total death and cancer death was generally lessthan 1.0 in exposure group,there was no evidence of increment in the risk of radiation-in-duced cancers.31 786 offsprings of workers in nuclear plants were subjected for the study ongenetic effects.The results was also negative.The only exception was uranium miners forwhich,owing to the high concentration of radon before the 1960s,the average cumulativeexposure was about 80 WLM and relative risk of lung cancer was about 2.0 fimes high thanthe public.The absolute risk coefficient was less than the results reported in the Westerncountries because of a low baseline rate of lung Cancer in China.The excess relative risk co-efficient was similar to the value presented in other countries.

关 键 词：流行病学 辐射遗传效应 职业性辐照 

分 类 号：R818.72[医药卫生—放射医学]