有机磷农药对韭菜虫害的防治效果及农药的微生物降解  

Effect of organophosphorous insecticides on Chinese chive insect pests and their degradation by pesticide-degrading bacterium

作　　者：蒋建东[1] 曹慧[1] 张瑞福[1] 张明星[1] 李顺鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学生命科学学院农业部农业环境微生物工程重点开放实验室,南京210095

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2004年第8期1459-1462,共4页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家"十五"科学技术攻关项目 ( 2 0 0 2BA5 16A);国家"863"计划项目 (SZ0 3 0 8;2 0 0 1AA2 14 12 ;2 0 0 2AA2 460 81);农业部;财政部农业科技跨越计划资助项目 (No .M 2 0 0 0 11)

摘　　要：采用 3 0 0kg(a.i)·hm-2 辛硫磷和 2 6 3kg(a.i)·hm-2 甲基对硫磷来防治韭菜蓟马 ,3d后与不施农药的对照相比 ,虫口减退率分别达到 98 2 8%和 98 39% ;2 0d后虫口减退率分别达到 89 94 %和94 0 4 % .用浓度分别为 15 0 0、18 0 0和 2 1 0 0kg(a .i)·hm-2 的辛硫磷来防治韭蛆 ,3d后与不施农药的对照相比 ,虫口减退率分别达到了 80 77%、93 10 %和 96 98% ;35d后虫口减退率分别达到了 92 4 4 %、95 0 5 %和 96 81% .施用降解菌剂对防治蓟马和韭蛆没有不良影响 ,但可显著降低韭菜中的农药含量 .蓟马施药防治后 3d喷施 4 5 0 0L·hm-2 的降解菌剂 ,3d后与不施菌对照相比 ,辛硫磷和甲基对硫磷的降解率分别为 99 5 2 %和 98 83% ;2 0d后韭菜 (苔 )中农药含量均检测不出 .韭蛆施药防治后 3d灌施 75 0 0L·hm-2 降解菌剂 ,35d后不同辛硫磷施用量的降解率分别为 10 0 %、10 0 %和 99 6 9% .3.00 kg(a.i)·hm -2 phoxin and 2.63 kg(a.i)·hm -2 methyl parathion were respectively applied to control the Taeniothrips alliorum on Chinese chive.Compared to no pesticide treatment,the decline rate of the insect density was 98.28% and 98.39% at the 3rd day after spraying pesticides,and 89.94% and 94.04% at the 20th day after spraying pesticides,respectively.At the 3rd day after spraying 15.00,18.00 and 21.00 kg(a.i)·hm -2 phoxin,the insect density of Bradysia odoriphaga decreased 80.77%,93.10% and 96.98%,and at the 35th day after spraying,it decreased 92.44%,95.05% and 96.81%,respectively.The application of pesticide-degrading bacterium had not any effect on controlling insect pests,but could markedly degrade pesticide.At the 3rd day after spraying 45.00 L·hm -2 pesticide-degrading bacterium to control Taeniothrips alliorum,the degradion rate of phoxin and methyl parathion was 99.52% and 98.83%,and at the 3rd after spraying 75.00 L·hm -2 pesticide-degrading bacterium to control Bradysia odoriphaga,the degradation rate of three concentrations of phoxin was 100%,100% and 99.69%,respectively.

关 键 词：蓟马 韭蛆 防治 辛硫磷 甲基对硫磷 生物降解 降解菌剂 

分 类 号：S436.33[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]