红壤坡地果园不同水土保持措施对磷素流失的影响  

Influence of Different Soil and Water Conservation Measurements on Phosphorus Loss on Orchard Slope Land of Red Soil

作　　者：李德荣[1] 董闻达[1] 王锋尖[1] 张贤明 刘士余[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学,南昌330045 [2]台湾高雄农委会凤山热带园艺中心

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2004年第4期81-84,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家计划委员会"八五"攻关项目"百喜草在国土保护;'三高'农业中的利用研究及推广"(85-606-25-01)资助

摘　　要：在坡度为25%的江西红壤坡地果园,采取了7种不同水土保持措施,并设对照(全园裸露)进行比较,研究其磷素流失特征,结果表明:(1)在不同水土保持措施的作用下,红壤坡地果园土壤磷素流失差异明显,流失最严重的为对照,最轻的为百喜草全园覆盖;对照磷素流失量是7个不同水土保持措施磷素流失平均量的3.4倍,是百喜草全园覆盖的8.5倍。(2)可溶性磷(DissolvedPhosphorus,DP)是试验中磷素流失的主要形式,占处理与对照组磷素年流失总量的75.5%,泥沙结合态磷(ParticulatePhosphorus,PP)只占流失总量的24.5%,其中水平式梯田梯壁植草、百喜草全园覆盖、百喜草带状覆盖及敷盖3种处理中,磷流失总量的100%是DP。(3)红壤坡地果园土壤磷素流失存在着明显的时间发生特征,占总流失量的80.9%,发生在4～7月(雨量主要分布季节),各处理的磷素流失量与降雨量的相关系数都在0.91以上。Phosphorus loss on red soil orchard slopes(slope 25%) in Jiangxi province treated by seven different soil and water conservation treatments and a check(bare soil) was assessed.The results showed: (1) Phosphorus loss varied obviously in different treatments. Phosphorus loss is the most serious on bare soil (check), and planting Paspalum noatum grass on the whole orchard was the most effective method to prevent phosphorus loss. The phosphorus loss of bare soil was 3.4 and 8.5 times respectively more than the ones of the average of 7 different treatments and planting Bihia grass on the whole orchard. (2) Dissolved phosphorus (DP) was the major form of phosphorus loss in the test. Dissolved phosphorus (DP) and particulate phosphorus (PP) contributed respectively 77.5% and 24.5% of the total phosphorus loss. And DP was contributed 100% of the total Phosphorus loss in these treatments of planting Paspalum noatum grass on level bench terrace ridge, planting Paspalum noatum grass on the whole orchard and planting Paspalum noatum grass in strips on the orchard. (3) There exists obvious temporal distribution in soil phosphorus loss on orchard slope land of red soil. Serious phosphorus loss occurred in rainy seasons (in April, May,June,July). During this period phosphorus loss occupied 80.9% of total loss in a year. The correlation coefficients between phosphorus loss and rainfall of 7 different treatments were more than (0.91).

关 键 词：红壤坡地 果园 水土保持 磷素流失 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学] S158.5[农业科学—农业基础科学]