2002年塔里木河流域“四源一干”地表径流情势  

Streamflow Regime of Four Source Streams and Mainstream of Tarim River, Xinjiang, in 2000

作　　者：毛炜峄 陈潮[2] 段建军[3] 苏宏超[2] 王书峰[3] 王进[3] 葛方勇[4] 

机构地区：[1]新疆环境气象中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]新疆水文水资源局,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [3]阿克苏水文水资源勘测局,新疆阿克苏843000 [4]塔里木河流域管理局,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2004年第4期488-495,共8页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40371026;90202013);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1 10 06)资助

摘　　要：2002年塔河流域内平原及山区气温都明显偏高,平原降水偏多,山区降水略偏多.3～10月0℃层高度接近常年.塔里木河4条源流出山口天然径流量273.9×108m3,比多年平均值227.0×108m3多46.9×108m3,偏多20.7%,属丰水年.其中发源于天山山脉的阿克苏河和开都河 孔雀河径流增幅大,水量充沛,属丰水年;而发源于喀喇昆仑山脉的叶尔羌河和源于西昆仑山的和田河径流量保持多年均值年.4条源流入塔里木河水量为54.82×108m3.在塔里木河干流上游段耗水量25.42×108m3,是干流最大的耗水区段,中游段耗水量24.55×108m3,下游段耗水量7.38×108m3.上、中游区间耗水量49.97×108m3,占阿拉尔站年径流量的90.8%.从7月20日至11月10日共计114d由博斯腾湖向塔里木河下游生态应急输水,从博斯腾湖调水12.67×108m3,恰拉水库分水闸向塔里木河输水2.339×108m3,大西海子水库下泄3.313×108m3,年内台特玛湖形成了28.74km2的水域面积,下游沿河地下水位普遍回升,影响范围达800km2,生态效益十分显著.The three tributary river systems that contribute flows to the Tarim River (Aksu, Hotan and Yarkant) join just above the Aler gauging station where the Tarim River begins. In addition the Kaidu-Konque River Basin, which is hydrologically separate from the Tarim River, contributes water to the Tarim River by means of a man-made transfer channel. In 2002, annual virgin flow of about 273.9×10~8m^3 from four mountains basins of Aksu, Hotan, Yarkant and Kaidu-Konque Rivers drain into the Tarim basin, more 46.9×10~8m^3 than average annual streamflow, increasing by 20.7% and more. The Aksu River and Konque-Kaidu Rivers from Tianshan Mountains have a large runoff rising comparing with average annual runoff, and keep normal runoff in Yarkant River from the Karakorum and Hotan River from the West Kunlun Mountains. The annual virgin flow of Aksu River in 2002 had 109.8×10~8m^3,more 28.4×10~8m^3 than average annual streamflow, increasing by 34.8%; and 57.10×10~8m^3 for Kaidu-Konque River,more 22.24×10~8m^3 than average annual streamflow, increasing by 63.8%; 61.92×10~8m^3 for Yarkant River,less 5.28×10~8m^3 than average annual streamflow, decreasing by 8.0 %; 45.03×10~8m^3 for Hotan River,same as average annual streamflow. Most of this water is consumptively used before reaching the confluence, total consumptive water of four source streams sum up 219.1×10~8m^3, occupy up 80% of annual virgin flow from mountains basin. The total annual runoff of 56.48×10~8m^3 drain into the mainstream of the Tarim River from the four source streams in 2002, occupy up 20% of annual virgin flow from mountains basin. The interzone consumed water of the Tarim River mainstream are estimated to be 25.42×10~8m^3 for the upper course, account for 46.2% of annual streamflow of Aler Station, the largest consumed interzone of the Tarim River mainstream; 24.55×10~8m^3 for the middle course, 44.6% of Aler ones and 7.38×10~8m^3 for the downstream course, 13.4 % of the Aler ones. The consumed water of both upper and middle streams cours

关 键 词：塔里木河 气象条件 河川径流 运行分析 区间耗水 下游输水 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]