海南大田国家级自然保护区赤麂的食性  

Food habit of Indian muntjac Muntiacus muntjak at Hainan Island, China

作　　者：滕丽微[1] 刘振生[1] 宋延龄[1] 李善元[2] 符明利 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080 [2]海南大田国家级自然保护区,海南东方572600

出　　处：《动物学报》2004年第4期511-518,共8页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 (No 3 0 170 166)资助 ~~

摘　　要：20 0 1年 1 0月至 2 0 0 2年 9月在海南大田国家级自然保护区 ,采用直接观察法和采食痕迹估计法对赤麂的食性进行了研究。共记录了赤麂 36 4群 ,群的平均大小为 1 32只。我们对这些赤麂利用的 5 2 3个取食地的植被进行了分析 ,并利用采食痕迹估计法确定了 2 94个取食地。赤麂取食的植物达到 2 1 5种 ,隶属 5 8科。其中木本植物 1 1 4种 (占 5 3 0 2 % ) ,草本植物 95种 (占 4 4 1 9% ) ,蕨类植物 6种 (占 2 79% )。取食频率超过 0 0 1 %的植物主要集中在 2 5个科 ,共计 5 5种 ,对这些种类的取食频率达到总取食频率的 89 2 3%。不同季节中赤麂取食的植物种类没有明显差异 ,但是在食物种类的选择方面存在季节性差异。赤麂对植物部位的选择性有季节性差异。从取食部位看 ,赤麂属于以嫩枝叶为主的精食者。无论旱季还是雨季 ,赤麂主要在有刺灌丛和灌丛草地生境类型中取食。野外见到赤麂以直接饮水的方式来补充对水分的需求 。Food habits of Indian muntjac Muntiacus muntjak were studied between October 2001 and September 2002 in Hainan Datian National Nature Reserve which geographically locates in 108°47′-49′E,19°05′-17′N. We determined food items from direct observations of foraging muntjac and from examination of fresh forage sites located on 6 transects crossing the whole study area. A total of 215 plant species consumed by 364 muntjac groups were recorded at 817 feeding sites within one year, including 114 shrubs (53 02%), 95 herbages (44 19%), and 6 ferns (2 79%) respectively. However, animals did not feed on those plant species equally; only 25 58% (55 plants) were used above 0 01% of feeding frequency in the feeding sites. The feeding frequency of these species comprised of 89 23% of the total feeding frequency. Although no significant difference was found in seasonal food usage by muntjacs, seasonal difference in food selection was detected. According to feeding parts, Indian muntjac belonged to concentrate selectors that preferred tender leaves, twigs and fruits. Among six habitat types, Indian muntjac preferred thorn shrub and shrub grassland throughout the year. Cultivated forests, characterized by low species diversity, were used by Indian muntjac only during the dry season when food was sparse. Indian muntjac was seen drinking more often in dry season than during the wet season.

关 键 词：赤麂 食性 海南 大田国家级自然保护区 食物偏好 取食地选择 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]