高层大气温度和高度场异常对我国地面气温和降水的影响  

Analyses of the Impacts of Upper-Level Temperature and HeightAnomalies on Surface Air Temperature and Precipitation in China

作　　者：钱永甫[1] 周宁芳[1] 毕云[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学灾害性天气气候研究所,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《高原气象》2004年第4期417-428,共12页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目"南亚高压与亚洲季风相互作用规律及其机制研究"(40175021);重点项目"江淮梅雨的年际和年代际变化及其机理研究"(40233037)共同资助

摘　　要：用SVD方法分析了NCEP/NCAR1958—1997年再分析资料中月平均的300hPa温度(下称"高层温度")和100hPa高度(下称"高层高度")距平场与中国160个测站的月平均地表气温(下称"我国温度")和月降水距平场的时滞和空间耦合关系,讨论了高层温度和高度距平场的空间分布和时间演变对我国气温和降水异常的影响。结果表明,高层温度和高度距平场的整体空间分布形势对中国气温和降水的影响明显,不同关键区的高层温度和高度距平场对我国不同区域的气温和降水异常有影响,具有明显的区域耦合特征。伊朗高原和青藏高原及其以南的热带低纬地区是高层温度和高度场的关键区。高层温度场对我国气温场和降水场的影响主要表现为年际变化,而高层高度场的影响主要表现为年代际变化。我国长江和黄河流域、华南和江南地区是受高层温度场和高度场异常影响最明显的地区。The time-lag and the spatial coupling relationships between the anomalies of the monthly mean 300 hPa temperature (hereafter the upper level temperature) and the 100 hPa height (hereafter the upper level height) fields taken from the NCEP/NCAR 1958_1997 reanalysis data and the anomalies of Chinese monthly mean surface air temperature and monthly precipitation observed at the 160 stations are diagnosed by use of the SVD technique. The influences of the spatial and temporal variations of the upper-level temperature and height anomalies on anomalies of Chinese temperature and precipitation are carefully analyzed. It is found that the integral spatial distribution patterns of the upper-level temperature and height anomalies have important impacts on China′s temperature and precipitation anomalies, the upper-level anomaly fields in different regions are responsible to anomalies of surface temperature and precipitation in different areas in China. The Iranian and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateaus and the low-latitude zone in the tropics and subtropics to the south of the Plateau are the key regions of the upper level fields. The influences of the anomaly of the upper-level temperature(height) are of evident interannual(interdecadal) on the temperature and precipitation in China. The Yangtze River basin, the Yellow River valley, South China and the south-of-the-Yangtze-River district are the most influenced areas by the upper-level temperature and height anomalies.

关 键 词：高层温度场 高度场异常 地面气温 降水异常 SVD分解 气候变化 

分 类 号：P461[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]