怎能让塔里木河下游干涸的悲剧重现中游地区——2002年塔里木河流域3条源流区间耗水评析  

Avoidance of the River Channel Dried-up Tragedy in the Lower Reaches of the Tarim River to Occur in Its Middle Reaches

作　　者：胡汝骥[1] 王东亮[2] 冯国华[2] 王亚俊[1] 王书峰[3] 张雄文[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆水文水资源局,乌鲁木齐830000 [3]阿克苏水文水资源勘测局,阿克苏843000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2004年第3期199-203,共5页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所创新项目资助 ( 2 0 0 0 10 14 )

摘　　要：20 0 2年塔里木河流域阿克苏、叶尔羌和和田河 3大源流出山口天然径流量 2 16 .75× 10 8m3 ,比多年平均值多 2 4× 10 8m3 ,然而由于人为的不合理利用水资源 ,致使 3条源流区间总耗水量达 16 4 .2 7× 10 8m3 ,而且叶尔羌河竟无水注入塔里木河干流 ,形成叶尔羌河艾力克他木到塔里木河干流肖夹克站间约 32 0km河床干涸近 2 0a之久 ,构成塔里木河流域新的生态与环境恶化地段 ,成为新疆一处新的风沙源地。它不仅威胁着阿克苏绿洲 ,而且影响着叶尔羌灌区的生产。必须制止这种毁灭人类家园的行为 ,使人们明白只有保护好干旱区河流常流水清 ,才能真正保护好自己的家园 ,才是科学的可持续利用有限的水资源。我们不能让塔里木河下游河道干涸 ,生态与环境恶化的悲剧在其流域中游地段重演。The annual runoff volume out of the debouchures of the three main source streams, i.e., the Aksu River, Yarkant River and Hotan River in the Tarim River watershed, was 2.17×10 10 m3 in 2002, and it was 2.4×109 m3 higher than the multiannual average. However, the total water consumption in these three main source stream basins was as high as 1.64×10 10 m3 due to the irrational utilization of water resources. Moreover, there was no stream water recharge from the Yarkant River to the mainstream of the Tarim River. Thus, the river channel of 320 km in length from Ailiktam Hydrological Station over the Yarkant River to Xiaoxiak Hydrological Station over the mainstream of the Tarim River was dried up for 20 years, the ecological environment along this river section was seriously degenerated, and this region is currently becoming as a new source field of aeolian sand. Such situation not only threatens the safety of the Aksu Oasis, but also impacts the production in the Yarkant Irrigated Area. Such behavior destroying human's homesteads must be forbidden, the local residents should understand that our homesteads in arid areas can be protected well and the sustainable utilization of the limited water resources can be achieved only by maintaining the perennial stream of the rivers in arid areas. We can not let the tragedies of river channel dried-up and the serious degeneration of the ecological environent in the lower reaches of the Tarim River occur in its middle reaches.

关 键 词：塔里木河 生态环境 天然径流量 中游地区 新疆 

分 类 号：P343.1[天文地球—水文科学]