农村基层政权职能与农民负担关系的历史分析  

Historical Analysis of the Relationship between the Function of Rural Political Power at the Grass-Roots Level and Farmers' Burden

作　　者：武力[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《江苏行政学院学报》2004年第5期52-57,共6页The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute

摘　　要：1949年以来,在土地改革的基础上,政府的力量第一次真正深入到了农村基层,农村基层政权经历了私有制基础上的乡镇制,公有制基础上的人民公社制("政社合一"),以及1983年以来建立在多种经济成份基础上的乡镇制。无论哪种体制,作为农村基层政权,它都始终存在着两个基本要素:一是它的"事权",即它到底要承担哪些责任和事务;二是它的"财权",即它的经费有多少,能否与它的事权相匹配。随着现代化的快速推进,农村基层政权的"事权"不断扩大,而它的"财权"却很有限。这种"事权"与"财权"的严重失衡,在"自上而下"的官僚体制和农村民主政治尚不完善的条件下,必然导致农村基层政权将负担以各种形式转移到农民头上。Since 1949, on the basis of land reform, government's power has for the first time reached rural grass-roots level, which has experienced the township based on private ownership, people's commune ( ' combination of the government and commune' ) based on public ownership and the township based on various economic elements since 1983. Whatever it is, as the political power at the grass-roots level, there always exist two basic elements; one is its 'work power' , i. e. , what responsibilities and work it should have; the other is its 'financial power' , i. e. , how much money it has and whether it matches its work power. With the rapid deepening of modernization, the 'work power' expands while the 'financial power' is quite limited. With defective pyramid-like bureaucratic system and rural democracy, the big imbalance will surely result in the transfer of the burdens to farmers by rural political power at the grass-roots level.

关 键 词：政府职能 农民负担 转移支付 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理]