西安市部分社区老年人健康与疾病状况的动态观察  

Dynamic studies on the health status and disease among the elderly in Xi'an parts of community

作　　者：马志华 张茹英 刘彦君 刘冬焕[3] 楚东岭[4] 杜招娣 韩琳 

机构地区：[1]长安医院护理部 [2]陕西省护理学会 [3]第四军医大学护理系 [4]第四军医大学唐都医院呼吸科,陕西西安710032

出　　处：《南方护理学报》2004年第8期68-71,共4页Nanfang Journal of Nursing

摘　　要：目的观察西安市部分社区老年人群健康与疾病状况纵向演变的特点及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法对同一批社区老年人,3年间进行2次随访调查,内容包括问卷调查和体格检查,以同一人群2000年和2003年的慢性疾病患病率、患病种类、健康行为方式变化3项指标作纵向分析比较。结果本组2003年慢性病患病率较2000年明显增加,尤其是关节炎、糖尿病、白内障、颈椎病和脑血管病,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。慢性病患病种数2003年比2000年也明显增加,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。本组2003年健康行为方式比2000年明显下降,注意体育锻炼、定期查体、接受卫生宣教、接受心理咨询、服用保健品的人数比例锐减,而不过量饮酒的人数比例有所增加,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论随着年龄的增长,西安市部分社区老年人群慢性病患病率呈明显上升趋势。为进一步提高其生活质量,应加强对慢性病的防治和通过健康教育提高人群的自我保健意识,改变不良生活行为方式。Objective Observing the characters and affected factors for the health status and diseases of old people in Xi'an parts of community in longitudinal fashion. Methods Clustering the sample cases from parts of community people, making 2 visits during 3 year period, making analyses on the same group people in the year of 2000 and 2003 with three factors, including chronic disease rates, type of disease, healthy behaviors, by way of answering sheet and physical examination obtaining the data. Results There were obvious increases of chronic disease rates in 2003, esp. the arthritis, diabetes mellitus, cataract, cervical spinal illness and cerebral vessel disease, P<0.01. There were obvious increases of type of disease in 2003 comparing with 2000, P <0.01. Furthermore, the health behavior was becoming worse in 2003 comparing with 2000, the number of people who paid attention to physical exercise, physical examination, receiving health education, psycho consulting and preventive drug intake was reducing, only exception was the declining of number of people with overdose drink, P<0.01. Conclusion There's an obvious increasing trend for the higher chronic diseases rate with age becomeing old. For improving their life qualities, some measurs shonld be taken,including: enhancing the chronic diseases preventive treatments, spreading the health education in the community, improving self-preventive alertness, correcting the old and unhealthy living styles.

关 键 词：老年人 健康状况 慢性病 健康行为方式 随访研究 

分 类 号：R1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]