城市和工业区大气环境评估与流动实验——风环境模拟研究之二  

THE ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL FLUID DYNAMICS IN CITIES AND INDUSTRIAL AREAS --SIMULATION STUDIES OF WIND ENVIRONMENT Ⅱ

作　　者：张伯寅[1] 桑建国[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学湍流及复杂系统研究国家重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《力学与实践》2004年第4期1-6,共6页Mechanics in Engineering

摘　　要：借用实验流体力学分层流实验技术,采用均匀的水模拟中性大气,表示大气随高度没有变化,再用盐水进行密度分层来模拟大气温度随高度变化的稳定层结大气,丰富了大气环境的实验研究手段。本文介绍用水来模拟大气的相似理论和实验研究方法,针对北京市地形对城市大气环境影响变化,来解释和说明首都在解决城市环境污染治理上应该关注的问题,同时结合福建省某核电厂厂址地区受地形影响,分析在厂运行期间排出的放射性气载释放物的大气输运和扩散影响,以及提供突发性污染事故应急预警方案,采用现场实测、水槽模拟和数值计算等3种手段,开展研究并取得成功。By using the fluid stratification technique in experimental fluid dynamics, the neutral atmosphere, in which the atmospheric potential temperature is constant with respect to height, is simulated with uniform water in a water channel. Then the density of salt water is stratified to simulate the stable atmosphere, in which the potential temperature increases with height. The similarity theory and experimental method of atmospheric simulation by using water as the medium are introduced in the present paper. The influences of the terrain in Beijing area on the urban atmospheric environment are studied to illustrate the problems which should be solved in the treatment of the capital urban air pollution. The water channel experiments combined with the field observation and numerical computation are successfully used to study the influences of terrain on the atmospheric transport and diffusion of the radioactive airborne effluents released from a nuclear power plant in operation, in Fujian Province.

关 键 词：大气环境 模拟实验 数值计算 现场实测 实验流体力学 

分 类 号：O35[理学—流体力学]