对虾白斑病围栏封闭预防技术  

The fence-enclosing method controlling the WSSV disease of penaeid shrimp

作　　者：李德尚[1] 董双林[1] 黄国强[1] 李吉方[1] 吴雄飞 战文斌[1] 潘鲁青[1] 王芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学教育部海水养殖重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]宁波市水产研究所,浙江宁波315012

出　　处：《水产学报》2004年第4期431-437,共7页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：山东省海洋与渔业厅资助(对虾爆发性病毒病围栏封闭预防技术的大面积应用研究)

摘　　要：“对虾白斑病的围栏封闭预防技术”是一项针对沿海低位池塘、以切断传染病源为主旨、以设置防蟹围栏为特色的对虾白斑病综合预防技术。其主要措施为:首先在贮水(兼水处理)池和养殖池周围设置防蟹围栏,将该等池塘封闭起来,使杂蟹不会从陆地侵入池内;然后通过60目滤网进水,并用敌百虫或敌杀死处理上述两种池塘,杀灭以蟹类为主的一切甲壳动物;解毒后,放养经检测不带白斑症病毒的虾苗;采取封闭式养殖,养殖期中只向养殖池加水以补充渗漏和蒸发的水损失;加水时,先将海水在贮水池中用药物处理,杀灭其中的传染该病的媒介生物(主要是桡足类),药物解毒后再注入养殖池。此外,作为辅助措施,在养殖期中从多方面尽量保证虾池中有一个良好的生态环境。该技术已经过预备研究、实验研究和扩大试验等阶段,均证明效果良好。已扩大试验了近33.33hm^2(其中实际养虾池约17.33hm^2),成功率达96％左右。This paper deals with a method controlling the white spot syndrome (WSS) of shrimp cultured in low altitude coastal ponds. The method took blocking the routes of infection as its aim, and was focused on killing and preventing the crabs living in and around the shrimp ponds. Its chief measures include: setting fences, made of polyethylene mosquito netting and supported with bamboo or wooden poles, to enclose the ponds for preventing the crabs from entering the ponds from the surrounding land; treating the ponds enclosed by the fences, about one month before stocking shrimp fry, with certain crustacean-sensitive pesticide to kill off all the crustaceans, especially the trash crabs, in the ponds; checking the shrimp fry to be stocked for specific virus and stocking the WSSV negative ones; taking a closed-culture system, i.e., a system with no water exchange in the course of cultivation, but adding seawater to the ponds in time to balance the water losses through seepage and evaporation, and disinfecting the seawater to kill all the vectors in special water-treating ponds before being added to culture ponds; and , as an accessory measure, maintaining a suitable ecological environment for the reared shrimp. The method has been proved to be effective in many years' (1998 -2002) experiments. In the last year (2002), 58 shrimp ponds with a total area of 17.2 hm^3 were used, among which 56 ponds with a total area of 16.94 hm2 succeeded in WSSV prevention. Thus, the success rate was 96.6% by pond number, and 96.1% by pond area. In the succeeded ponds, the shrimp was 9.9 - 12.6 cm in body length after 82 - 140 d of cultivation; the survival rate was 49.6% -76.0%; and the productions were 2140.5 kg' hm-2 for the semiintensive style ponds, 7492.5 kg. hm^(-2) for the intensive ones, and 12577.5 kg·hm^(-2) for the recirculating ones in average. In sharp contrast with above results, the shrimp ponds neighboring the experimental ones all failed in cultivation owing to WSS contamination.

关 键 词：对虾 白斑病 围栏封闭预防 沿海低位池塘 

分 类 号：S945.46[农业科学—水产养殖]