中国神农架地区的植被制图及植物群落物种多样性  

Mapping of vegetation and analysis on its biodiversity in Shennongjia region,China

作　　者：田自强[1] 陈玥[2] 赵常明[1] 谢宗强[1] 陈伟烈[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学重点实验室 [2]央视国际网络国家地理频道,北京100038

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第8期1611-1621,i001,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：科技部科技基础性工作专项资助项目 ;国家自然科学基金重大资助项目 ( 3 9893 3 60 -1)~~

摘　　要：在野外调查、资料搜集的基础上 ,辅以全球定位系统 (GPS)、GIS软件及 TM影像数据 ,绘制了该地区 1∶ 2 0万的植被类型图。制图结果表明 :1)制图区总面积 3476 .6 7km2 ,共计 5 0 4个斑块。 2 )神农架地区林地面积 2 ,6 0 7.4 5 km2 ,占该地区总面积的 75 % ;山地灌丛及亚高山灌丛总面积 35 8.6 2 km2 ,占总面积的 10 .3% ;草甸面积 15 6 .84 km2 ,占 4 .5 1%。 3)自然植被划分为8个植被型 ,4 6个群系以及农田 (居民点 )和茶园两种农业土地利用类型。其中针叶、落叶阔叶混交林面积最大 ,为 90 8km2 ,占总面积的 37.88%。 4 )对神农架地区 8个植被型中的 4 6个群系进行的群落物种 Shannon- Wiener多样性指数 (H′)及 Pielou均匀度指数 (J)的测定结果表明 ,1各群落物种多样性总趋势是 :灌木层 >草本层 >乔木层 (个别群落除外 ) 2与天然林相比 ,人工林群落内各层次结构相对简单 ,物种多样性较低。3针叶林 (7个群系 )和针阔叶混交林 (6个群系 )中 ,低海拔人工林群落各层次及高海拔天然林乔木层结构简单 ,伴生种类较少 ,物种多样性低。高海拔天然林群落灌木层和草本层物种多样性相对高 ,H′值一般在 1.2～ 2之间 ,J值在 0 .5～ 1之间。草本层物种多样性变化明显 ,低海拔区域较低。Shennongjia region is located in the west of Hubei Province, between the Yangtze River and the Hanshui River. Its climate varies from that of a subtropical zone to warm-temperate. In this study, the vegetation maps (1∶200,000) of the region are produced based on field investigations and data collected using a combination of GPS, GIS, as well as TM image processing technologies.The mapped area is about 3476.67km^2, and contains 504 zones. The analysis shows that the forest of this region occupies about 2607.45 km^2, (i.e., 75 percent of the total area), the shrub and meadow occupy 358.62 km^2 (10.3%) and 156.84 km^2(4.51%), respectively, in Shennongjia region there are 46 index features made up of 8 types of vegetation coniferous and broadleaf mixed forests cover 908 km^2, 37.88% of the total area.The indices of Shannon-Wiener (H′) and Pielou evenness (J) biodiversity are analyzed in order to understand the species diversity (SD) of 46 features based on 8 types of vegetation. It is found that:(1) there is a general trend of SD of each community that follows the order of :shrub>herb>tree;(2)the species diversity indices(SDI) of the artificial forests are lower than that of the natural forests;(3)in coniferous forests, and coniferous and deciduous broadleaf mixed forests,the tree layer in the natural forests in the higher altitude area and that in the artificial forests have relatively low SDI.For examples,the values of SDIin Form.Pinus henryi and Form.Pinus armandii,betula utilis are as high as 3.921(H′),1.188(J) and 2.39(H′),0.697(J),respectively;(4)in the evergreen broadleaf forest or the evergreen and deciduous broadleaf mixed forest,the tree layer and shrub layer show higher SDI than that of the herb layer;(5)the species of the tree layer in the deciduous broadleaf forests are rich and varied,except for several forest patches which consist of simple dominant species;(6)the subalpine shrubbery in the atrocious environment shows lower SDI than the upland shrubbery;(7)the meadows growing in the swamps d

关 键 词：神农架地区 植被制图 植物物种多样性 遥感 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]