黄土高原4种豆科牧草的净光合速率和蒸腾速率日动态及水分利用效率  

Differences in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency between four legume species on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：谢田玲[1] 沈禹颖[1] 邵新庆[1] 高崇岳[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院农业部草地农业生态系统学重点开放实验室,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第8期1678-1685,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目 ( G2 0 0 0 0 1860 2 ) ;科技部优质饲草高效生产关键技术研究与产业化开发专题资助项目( 2 0 0 2 BA5 18A0 3 )~~

摘　　要：在晴天条件下 ,研究了 4年生甘肃红豆草 (Onobrychis viciaefolia scop.cv.‘Gansu’)、沙打旺 (Astragalus adsurgens)、东方山羊豆 (Galega orientalis)和多年生香豌豆 (L athyruslatifolius)人工种群花期 (5月 31日 )和再生期 (7月 10日 )的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率以及土壤贮水量和水分利用特征。结果表明 ,自 5月 31日 (花期 )至 7月 10日 (再生期 ) ,4种牧草对土壤水分消耗由大到小依次为 :沙打旺 119.2 mm、多年生香豌豆 91.6 mm、山羊豆 81.9m m和红豆草 73.8m m。红豆草在花期和再生期的净光合速率分别为 12 .4 1和 9.0 6μ mol CO2 / (m2 · s) ,沙打旺为 10 .10和 7.0 1μ m ol CO2 / (m2 · s) ;红豆草在花期和再生期的日均蒸腾速率 8.13和 9.0 5 m m ol H2 O/ (m2· s) ,沙打旺刈割前和刈割后蒸腾速率分别为 7.4 0和 6 .5 4mmol H2 O/ (m2· s) ,属于高光合、高蒸腾型。而山羊豆和多年生香豌豆则属于低蒸腾、低光合类型 ,花期和再生期 ,山羊豆的日均光合速率分别为 4 .74和 4 .88μm ol CO2 / (m2· s) ,多年生香豌豆为 4 .4 1和 4 .6 4 μ mol CO2 / (m2· s) ,相应的蒸腾速率分别达到 3.75和 5 .4 2 m mol H2 O/ (m2 · s) ,4 .74和 4 .34m mol H2 O/ (m2 · s)。?In a field experiment in Qingyang on the Loess Plateau. Daily changes in photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate(Tr), water use efficiency (WUE) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were determined for four legume species,namely, Onobrychis viciaefolia cv.‘Gansu', Astragalus adsurgens, Galega orientalis and Lathyrus latifolius at the flowering and regeneration stages after the first cutting during fine weather in the fourth growth year . Soil water storage was calculated by measuring soil volumetric water content at the same time. The soil water consumption by plant from May 31 to July 10 was 119.2 mm for A. adsurgens,91.6 mm for L. latifolius、81.9 mm for G. orientalis and 73.8 mm for O. viciaefolia. Among the four species,O. viciaefolia had the highest Pn at both flowering and regeneration stages at 12.41 and 9.06 μ mol CO_2/(m^2·s), respectively. For A. adsurgens, Pn was 10.10 and 7.01 μ mol CO_2/(m^2·s) respectively. At flowering, higher Tr was observed from O. Viciaefolia (8.13 m mol H_2O/(m^2·s)) and A. adsurgens (7.40 m mol H_2O/(m^2·s)) than from G. orientalis (3.75 m mol H_2O/(m^2·s)) and L. latifolius (4.74 m mol H_2O/(m^2·s)). The average WUE for G. orientalis, L. latifolius, O. viciaefolia and A. adsurgens at flowering was 3.96, 3.63, 2.98 and 2.06 μmol CO_2/mmol H_2O, respectively. The introduced legume species, G. orientalis and L. latifolius are considered to have productive potential on the Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：豆科牧草 净光合速率 蒸腾速率 水分利用效率 贮水量 气孔导度 日变化 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]