黑河流域水-生态-经济协调发展方案及用水效益  

Options of water-ecology-economy balanced development and water usage analysis in the Heihe Watershed

作　　者：方创琳[1] 步伟娜[1] 鲍超[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第8期1700-1707,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大资助项目 ( KZCX1-0 9-0 4) ;国家自然科学基金重点资助项目 ( 4 0 3 3 5 0 49) ;中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性资助项目 KZCX2 -SW-3 18-0 3 )~~

摘　　要：在西北干旱地区的黑河流域 ,推行流域水 -生态 -经济协调发展模式 ,是从根本上高效配置流域水资源 ,彻底化解流域上、中、下游利益冲突 ,实现利益共享 ,保护流域生态环境 ,全面实施国务院黑河流域分水方案和提高用水效益的重要途径。采用系统动力学模型进行模拟调控实验 ,从众多实验方案中选择生成水 -生态保护型发展方案 (WEP)、水 -经济高效型发展方案(WEH)、水 -生态 -经济协调型发展方案 (WEE) 3种有效方案。从需水总量与用水结构、空间配水结构、经济总量与经济结构、生态环境保护、投水产出效益等方面对 3种有效方案进行比较分析。研究认为 ,WEP方案耗水总量相对较少 ,利于黑河流域生态环境保护 ,但经济发展步伐比较缓慢 ,不利于流域建设小康社会和全面建设节水型社会 ;WEH方案耗水量大 ,经济发展步伐快 ,经济效益显著 ,但不利于生态环境保护和黑河分水方案的实施 ,WEE方案耗水量介于 WEP和 WEH之间 ,经济效益和生态环境效益都比较显著 ,同时兼顾了黑河流域的经济发展目标和生态环境保护目标 ,虽然单纯从经济发展或生态保护角度分析 ,不是最好的方案 ,但从流域可持续发展和建设流域生态经济带的角度分析 ,却是一个最优化的方案。进而确定出 WEE方案为满足国务院黑河流域分水方案要求和提高用水效?The Heihe Watershed is located in the northwest arid region of China. A balanced development option among water, ecology and economy is required for the sustainable development of such watershed. This study employs the system dynamic model, intends to create such an option. Three options were chosen for the model test, i.e., the water-ecology protection option (WEP), the water-rapid economic growth option (WEH), and the water-ecology-economy balanced development option (WEE). After running the system dynamic model, the study contends that the WEP option requires less water input but the watershed may suffer from low economic growth. The WEH option, on the other hand, while enables the watershed grows rapidly, may suffer from long-term loss due to high demand of water input. The water demand of the WEE option, however, is between the WEP and WEH options. And it takes both economic development and ecological protection into account. Although it is not the best option for either for ecological protection or economic development, it turns out to be the optimal choice for long-term sustainable development in the Heihe Watershed. In order to ensure such an option, the study argues for allocating reasonable water quotas among the upper, middle and lower reaches, for expanding the “green” and “red” water-saving industries, for establishing water-saving economic structure, for introducing water-saving irrigation systems, for proposing water-saving education, and for accommodating water-ticket system and the user-participation management system.

关 键 词：黑河流域 水-生态-经济协调发展 方案比选 用水效益分析 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学]