凡纳对虾淡化养殖虾池微型浮游生物群落及多样性  

Studies on the structure and biodiversity of the microplankton community in Litopenaeus vannamai desalination culture ponds

作　　者：查广才[1] 周昌清[1] 黄建荣[1] 何建国[1] 麦雄伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院,广州510275

出　　处：《生态学报》2004年第8期1748-1755,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"973"项目 ( 1999G0 12 0 11) ;珠海科技项目 ( 2 0 0 3 10 0 84) ;广东省揭阳市科技项目 ( JY0 3 0 5 ) ;生物防治国家重点实验室开放基金( 0 2 0 2 )~~

摘　　要：2 0 0 2年 8月 15～ 10月 8日 ,对广东省珠海市斗门凡纳对虾淡化养殖虾池进行调查 ,虾池平均养殖面积为 0 .37±0 .11hm2 ,水深 136± 8cm,虾苗放养密度 131± 37× 10 4尾 / hm2 ;调查期间虾池水温 2 4 .3～ 33.6℃ ,p H值 7.1～ 9.6 ,早期养殖盐度 2‰～ 3‰ ,中后期为 0 ,透明度中后期稳定在 2 0 cm左右。鉴定浮游植物 4 8属 96种 ,其中绿藻 4 5种 ,硅藻和裸藻各 9种 ,隐藻 2种 ,甲藻 4种。优势种有 10种 ,多为蓝藻 ,如螺旋藻 (Spirulina sp.)、弯形尖头藻 (Raphidiopsis curvata)、小颤藻(Oscillatoria tenuis)、假鱼腥藻 (Pseudoanabaena sp.)、针状蓝纤维藻 (Dactylococcopsis acicularis)及水华微囊藻 (Microcystisaeruginosa)等 ,优势种的优势度突出。常见种有 30种 ,主要是绿藻、硅藻、隐藻 ,少见种有 5 7种。优势种和常见种多为富营养化水体中的或耐污性的种类。虾池原生动物有 2 9种 ,其中肉足虫 3种 ,纤毛虫 2 6种 ,优势种为毛板壳虫 (Colepshirtus)、卵形前管虫 (Prorodon ovum)和旋急游虫 (Strombidium spiralis) ,主要是以藻类为食的 A类群 ,常见种有膜袋虫 (Cyclidium sp.)、小单环栉毛虫 (Didinium balbianitnanum)、瓶口虫 (L agynophrya acuminate)、圆筒状拟铃壳虫 (TintinnopsisInvestigations were conducted in 5 Litopenaeus vannamai (Pacific white shrimp) desalination culture ponds in Doumen, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province from 15 August to 8 October, 2002. The average area of the ponds was 0.37±0.11 hm^2with water depth of 136±8cm. Culture density of L. vannamai was 131±37×10~4 individuals/hm^2. During the investigation water temperature ranged from 24.3～33.6℃, pH from 7.1～9.6 and salinity was approximately 2 to 3‰ in the pre-period of rearing, but approached to 0 in mid-period and post-period. Water transparency was more than 25cm in pre- and mid-rearing period and steadied at 20cm in post-period. A total of 96 species of phytoplankton were identified in the 5 L. vannamai desalination culture ponds belonging to 6 phyla and 48 genra. They included 27 Cyanophyta species, 45 Chlorophyta species, 9 Bacillariophyta species, 9 Euglenophyta species, 2 Cryptophyta species and 4 Pyrrophyta species. Many of the 10 dominant species belonged to the Cyanophyta, including Spirulina sp., Raphidiopsis curvata, Oscillatoria tenuis, pseudoanabaena sp. and Microcystis aeruginosa. There were 30 common species, which belonged to Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Euglenophyta and Cryptophyta and 59 species that were less common. The dominant and common species were those that were adapted to the eutrophic aquatic environment. There were 29 species of Protozoa identified, which included 26 Ciliohora species and 3 Sarcodina species. The dominant species were Coleps hirtus、Prorodon ovum and Strombidium spiralis with most of them being algivores, while the common species were Cyclidium sp., Didinium balbianitnanum, Lagynophrya acuminate, Tintinnopsis cylindrata and Vorticella sp. There were 27 less common species. The aquatic environment of the (L. vannamai) desalination culture water was exceedingly eutrophic during the mid and post-rearing period, which resulted in a simpler community structure of phytoplankton and protozoa. The biodiversity and species numbers of microplankton in the ponds increa

关 键 词：凡纳对虾 淡化养殖虾池 微型浮游生物 群落结构 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]